To assess the episodes of pneumonia and diarrhea in vaccinated and unvaccinated children under 60 months of age. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Darul Sehat Hospital and SESSI, Karachi in the Department of Pediatrics from 1 November 2018 to 3 February 2019. selleck inhibitor An interview based questionnaire was administered and selection of participants was done by convenience sampling. Total of 196 participants were selected for interview. Total 196 participants were interviewed which included mothers of children between the age group of 1- 60 months. The questions were entered on the questionnaire after taking consent from the mothers. Among them, males were 98 (52.7%) and females were 88(47.3%). One hundred seventy two (88.7%) children were vaccinated for pneumococcal and rotavirus whereas unvaccinated children were 22(11.3%). There was an incidence of 66(63.5%) for loose watery diarrhea. In vaccinated children, grading of diarrhea was found to be severe cases as 30 (34.9%), moderate caseines was higher in our sample population. Efforts should be made to increase the awareness of Rotavirus vaccination in order to have better coverage in future. There is lack of evidence exploring sympathetic effect by baroreceptor sensitivity in obese consuming energy drink. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of energy drink on individuals baroreceptor sensitivity in young healthy normal weight and overweight/obese males. This cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Physiology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After getting ethical approval, 25 male participants were recruited by convenient sampling and informed consent was obtained. Participants were grouped into normal weight and overweight/obese on basis of body mass index. Finger arterial blood pressure was recorded with Finometer® at baseline, 30min and 60 minutes in the post-energy drink period and baroreceptor sensitivity was calculated. As data was not normally distributed it was log transformed. The baseline baroreceptor sensitivity was lower (P<0.05) in overweight/obese compared to normal weight participants. Baroreceptor sensitivity reduced significantly (P<0.05) at 60 minutes after energy drink consumption in the whole cohort of both normal weight and overweight/obese. Baroreceptor sensitivity remained lower in overweight/obese compared to normal weight at 60min but the difference was not significant. Consumption of energy drink acutely reduced baroreceptor sensitivity in both normal weight and obese young healthy males with an earlier onset of effect in overweight/obese indicating enhanced sympathetic activity. Energy drinks consumption could place the obese in a more vulnerable state to hypertension and arrhythmia.Consumption of energy drink acutely reduced baroreceptor sensitivity in both normal weight and obese young healthy males with an earlier onset of effect in overweight/obese indicating enhanced sympathetic activity. Energy drinks consumption could place the obese in a more vulnerable state to hypertension and arrhythmia. To explore the therapeutic effect of percutaneous nephroscopy combined with Green Light laser on simple renal cyst. A retrospective analysis was conducted to review the clinical data, surgical procedures, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative adverse reactions, and length of stay of 32 patients who had been admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2018 to February 2019. All patients had been diagnosed with simple renal cyst by imaging examination and met the surgical indications for single-port percutaneous nephroscopy combined with GreenLight laser for unroofing and decompression of the renal cyst. Among the 32 patients, there were 18 males and 14 females, with 15 cases on the left and 17 on the right. The patients aged 38 to 62 years old, with an average of 45 years old. Thirteen cases were hospitalized mainly due to complaint of lumbar pain, and 19 cases were admitted after a renal cyst was found by physical examination. The diameter of the cyst ranged from 4.2 to 9.1 cm, with iquid extravasation was seen in all cases. The length of stay after operation ranged from three to five days, with an average of 3.5 days. Postoperative pathological reports all suggested renal cyst wall. The patients were followed up for six months, and no cyst recurred. Single-port percutaneous nephroscopy combined with Green Light laser could provide significant clinical effect in treating simple renal cyst with minimal trauma.Single-port percutaneous nephroscopy combined with Green Light laser could provide significant clinical effect in treating simple renal cyst with minimal trauma. To evaluate the attitude and of athletes towards performance enhancement through doping and leading reason of their decision for the use of doping in a country. This Cross-Sectional descriptive study was conducted with non-probability convenience sampling over a period of six months from November 2018 to May 2019. This study included n=377 National and international athletes/players, of both genders aged 17-35 years, camping for preparation of 13 South Asian Games 2019 at Pakistan Sports Board, Jinnah Complex Islamabad, Pakistan. The athletes/ players with any disease, trauma or working as coaches or officials were excluded. Basic demographic sheet and Athletes Attitude to Doping Questionnaire were used for data collection which was analyzed using SPSS 21. Study revealed significant difference in the Mean and Median scores of the six anti-doping factors with very low scores for "Long Term Health Implications" (Mean= 2.14, Md=2) and "Psychosocial Influences" (Mean=3, Md=3) compared to a high score for the remaining factors, indicating that the participants did not agree these two factors influenced their decision for not doping. Also, there was significant difference in the scores as revealed by Wilcoxon signed test, between Personal Ethical Standards and the remaining factors except Illegality of Substances (z=-1.705, p=0.088). Gender association was noted for anti-doping education and testing, with higher scores in males (p=0.031). Also Type of Main Sport had association with most factors except Long Term Health Implications while Level of Sport did not show any association except for Influence of Significant Others. Study concludes that Illegality of Substances and Personal ethical standards are the most significant factor for athletes' decision for not doping.Study concludes that Illegality of Substances and Personal ethical standards are the most significant factor for athletes' decision for not doping.

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