But, β-diversity and abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia among different subgroups of HIs did not show any differences. Conclusively, the high-altitude Tibetan and middle-altitude Han HPs have a distinct feature of GM, which may be important in their adaptation to hypertension in the plateau environments. Worldwide, more than one-sixth of the population is infected by intestinal parasites, of which the majority live in developing countries. On the other hand, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing over recent decades in developing countries. Patients with diabetes mellitus encountered impaired immunity and suffer from the consequences of infection particularly intestinal parasitic infection. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital from February 15 to March 30, 2018. A total of 234 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. A 5-gram stool sample itic infection in such a study population.The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among diabetes mellitus patients was relatively high. There should be continued prevention, control, and management of intestinal parasitic infection in such a study population. Drug resistance in malaria is a global problem, with reports of parasites resistant to the current first-line antimalarial drug, artemisinin, expanding from Southeast Asia to Africa. There is therefore an urgent need to identify new drug candidates that will be effective against the existing malaria parasites. Drug combination therapy presents a myriad of advantages over monotherapy including delayed onset of resistance, potentiation, and synergism. This present study explored the effectiveness of combinations of aqueous extracts of ( . and ( . at clearing both laboratory and field isolates of . . Synchronized ring stage cultures of field (FA08) and laboratory strains (NF54 and CamWT_C580Y) of . were subjected to combinations of different concentrations and ratios of aqueous extracts of . and . The growth inhibition of the individual plant extracts and their combinatory effects were studied using SYBR Green I drug assay. The . extract exhibited 50% inhibitory concentration (IC ) of 2.71, 7.80, and 3.56 g/mL against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 parasite strains, respectively. exhibited IC of 18.11, 20.08, and 10.23 g/mL against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 parasite strains, respectively. Additive, synergistic and antagonistic interactions were observed at different combinations of . and . extracts. A combination product containing and . has the potential to serve as an effective antimalarial as majority of the tested combinations of aqueous extracts of . and . extracts exhibited synergistic effects in vitro against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 . strains.A combination product containing A. cordifolia and M. indica has the potential to serve as an effective antimalarial as majority of the tested combinations of aqueous extracts of A. cordifolia and M. Etrasimod indica extracts exhibited synergistic effects in vitro against the NF54, CamWT_C580Y, and FA08 P. falciparum strains.Gastrointestinal parasite infection in small ruminants remains one of the major economic losses caused by reduced productivity. A total of 380 faecal samples were taken from 280 sheeps in Magway and Pwintbyu Townships and 100 goats in Natmauk Township, Myanmar. Faecal flotation and sedimentation methods were carried out to detect the presence of parasitic infections. Faecal egg and oocyst counts were carried out using the McMaster technique. The overall occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants was 98.4% (374/380). The occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep (99.3%) was higher than that in goats (96%). The highest occurrence was found in Eimeria spp. (96%), followed by Trichostrongyle (77.1%), Trichuris spp. (35%), and Moniezia expansa (14%). The mixed infection rate was 84.8% (317/374), while a single infection was 15.2% (57/374). The mean eggs per gram (EPG) and oocysts per gram (OPG) of faeces were ranged from 50 to 600 and 50 to 29,800, respectively. Among the 4 nucleotide sequences isolated, one sequence was 94.10-94.47% similarity with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, reported from Laos, and three sequences showed 96.64-99.46% identity with Haemonchus contortus from Laos, China, India, and Mongolia. As gastrointestinal parasite infection in small ruminants was relatively high in the study area, the development of appropriate treatment and control measures should be provided to reduce production losses.Heart failure is a shared chronic phase of many cardiac diseases and its prevalence is on the rise globally. Previous large-scale cardiovascular outcomes trials of sodium.glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have suggested that these agents may help to prevent primary and secondary hospitalisation due to heart failure and cardiovascular death in these patients. Data from the Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Incidence of Worsening Heart Failure or Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) and Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (EMPEROR-Reduced) have demonstrated the positive clinical impact of SGLT2 inhibition in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction both with and without T2D. These data have led to the approval of dapagliflozin for the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, irrespective of T2D status. This article reviews the latest data reported from the DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced trials and their clinical implications for the treatment of patients with heart failure.

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