<p>Dengue fever was included in the top 10 global health threats announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in early 2019. In some southern provinces of China, autochthonous outbreaks have also been reported over the last decade. An unexpected large outbreak of dengue fever was reported in Xishuangbanna, a border area of China, Myanmar, and Laos, in 2019. Among the 226 hospitalized cases, 90 were diagnosed as severe dengue according to the 2009 WHO guidelines. Serotyping and phylogenetic analyses of envelope gene sequences from 246 randomly selected samples showed that three serotypes of dengue virus were co-circulating in this outbreak, which is very rare in this area. Dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1, genotype I) and serotype 2 (DENV-2, Cosmopolitan genotype and Asian genotype) were the main pathogenic agents of this outbreak. Dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) epidemic strains were classified as genotype III and formed a close cluster with the Thailand 2015 epidemic strain. The co-circulation may have led to more serious clinical symptoms and a larger scale epidemic. This finding is of great importance in understanding the circulation of DENV and to strengthen the detection and management of dengue fever in border areas.<br<br /> The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still increasing rapidly, but little is known about the prevalence and characteristics of fatal cases in children in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of children with COVID-19 with fatal outcomes in a tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia.<br<br /><br<br /> This cross-sectional study used data collected from the medical records of patients with COVID-19 admitted to Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia from March to October 2020.<br<br /><br<br /> During the study period, 490 patients were admitted and diagnosed with suspected and probable COVID-19. Of these patients, 50 (10.2%) were confirmed to have COVID-19, and 20 (40%) had a fatal outcome. The fatality rate was higher in patients aged ≥10 years, categorized with severe disease upon admission, PaO<br<br /> /FiO<br<br />  ratio ≤300 mmHg and chronic underlying diseases. The most common clinical manifestations were generalized symptoms, while acute respiratory distress syndrome (8/20) and septic shock (7/20) were the two most common causes of death. Increased procalcitonin, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase and presepsin levels were found in all fatal cases. One patient met the criteria of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.<br<br /><br<br /> Our work highlights the high mortality rate in paediatric patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test. These findings might be related to or co-incided with COVID-19 infection. Further studies are needed to improve understanding of the role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in elaborating the mechanisms leading to death in children with comorbidities.<br<br />Our work highlights the high mortality rate in paediatric patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test. These findings might be related to or co-incided with COVID-19 infection. Further studies are needed to improve understanding of the role of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in elaborating the mechanisms leading to death in children with comorbidities.The dispersion of aerosols was studied experimentally in several concert halls to evaluate their airborne route and thus the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spreading. For this, a dummy was used that emits simulated human breath containing aerosols (mean diameter of 0.3 μm) and CO2, with a horizontal exhalation velocity of v = 2.4 m/s, measured 10 cm in front of the mouth. Aerosol and CO2 concentration profiles were mapped using sensors placed around the dummy. No substantial enrichment of aerosols and CO2 was found at adjacent seats, provided that (1) there were floor displacement outlets under each seat enabling a minimum local fresh air vertical flow of vv = 0.05 m/s, (2) the air exchange rate (ACH) was more than 3, and (3) the dummy wore a surgical face mask. Knowledge of dispersion of viral droplets by airborne routes in real environments will help in risk assessment when re-opening concert halls and theatres after a pandemic lockdown.<br<br /> From 2013 to 2017, the avian influenza A (H7N9) virus frequently infected people in China, which seriously affected the public health of society. This study aimed to analyze the spatial characteristics of human infection with the H7N9 virus in China and assess the risk areas of the epidemic.<br<br /><br<br /> Using kernel density estimation, standard deviation ellipse analysis, spatial and temporal scanning cluster analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis, the spatial characteristics and possible risk factors of the epidemic were studied. Meteorological factors, time (month), and environmental factors were combined to establish an epidemic risk assessment proxy model to assess the risk range of an epidemic.<br<br /><br<br /> The epidemic situation was significantly correlated with atmospheric pressure, temperature, and daily precipitation (P &lt; 0.05), and there were six temporal and spatial clusters. The fitting accuracy of the epidemic risk assessment agent-based model for lower-risk, low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk was 0.795, 0.672, 0.853, 0.825, respectively.<br<br /><br<br /> This H7N9 epidemic was found to have more outbreaks in winter and spring. It gradually spread to the inland areas of China. This model reflects the risk areas of human infection with the H7N9 virus.<br<br />This H7N9 epidemic was found to have more outbreaks in winter and spring. It gradually spread to the inland areas of China. This model reflects the risk areas of human infection with the H7N9 virus.<br<br /> The aim of this study was to evaluate the respiratory and physical function of patients who retested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA during post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rehabilitation.<br<br /><br<br /> A total of 302 discharged COVID-19 patients were included. Discharged patients were followed up for 14 days to 6 months. The modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, Borg rating of perceived exertion, and manual muscle testing (MMT) scores on day 14 and at 6 months after discharge were compared between the redetectable positive (RP) and non-RP (NRP) groups. Prognoses of respiratory and physical function were compared between patients who recovered from moderate and severe COVID-19.<br<br /><br<br /> Of the study patients, 7.6% were RP.  <a href="https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd8797.html">see more</a> The proportion of patients who used antiviral drugs was significantly lower in the RP group than in the NRP group. There were no differences in mMRC, Borg, or MMT scores within the RP and NRP groups. The mMRC, Borg, and MMT scores were worse for patients with severe disease when compared to those with moderate disease at both follow-up time points.</p>