<p>82). This study demonstrates the feasibility of clinically performing multispectral endogenous FLIm dermoscopy providing baseline results indicating the potential of this technology as an image-guided tool to improve the delineation of nBCC during surgical lesion resection. V.Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising alternative to promote bacteria elimination and crestal bone remodeling in patients affected by peri-implantitis, once it is able to access the implant microstructure at the most restricted sites with no damage to implant surface. This paper reports a 6-month follow-up of a patient with peri-implantitis treated by surgical approach with adjunct photodynamic therapy associated to guided bone regeneration. A full thickness open-flap was performed to allow directly mechanical debridement, followed by aPDT using methylene blue 200 µg/mL under red laser irradiation (660 nm, 100 mW, 9 J), providing decontamination of implant surface and surrounding tissue. Photosensitizer was washed twice with saline solution previously to guided bone regeneration, which was carried out using xenogeneic bone and resorbable collagen membrane. After 6-month follow-up, the use of aPDT as an adjunct therapy to tissue regeneration for peri-implantitis promoted sufficient decontamination, clear evidence of bone regeneration, and peri-implant health restoration. V.AIM Real-world data inform the outcome comparisons and help the development of new therapeutic strategies. To this end, we aimed to describe the full characteristics and outcomes in the Epidemiological Strategy and Medical Economics (ESME) cohort, a large national contemporary observational database of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). METHODS Women aged ≥18 years with newly diagnosed MBC and who initiated MBC treatment between January 2008 and December 2016 in one of the 18 French Comprehensive Cancer Centers (N = 22,109) were included. We assessed the full patients' characteristics, first-line treatments, overall survival (OS) and first-line progression-free survival, as well as updated prognostic factors in the whole cohort and among the 3 major subtypes hormone receptor positive and HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-, n = 13,656), HER2-positive (HER2+, n = 4017) and triple-negative (n = 2963) tumours. RESULTS The median OS of the whole cohort was 39.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.7-40.3). Five-year OS was 33.8%. OS differed significantly between the 3 subtypes (p  less then  0.0001) with a median OS of 43.3 (95% CI, 42.5-44.5) in HR+/HER2-; 50.1 (95% CI, 47.6-53.1) in HER2+; and 14.8 months (95% CI, 14.1-15.5) in triple-negative subgroups, respectively.  <a href="https://www.selleckchem.com/pharmacological_epigenetics.html">Epigenetic inhibitor</a> Beyond performance status, the following variables had a constant significant negative prognostic impact on OS in the whole cohort and among subtypes older age at diagnosis of metastases (except for the triple-negative subtype), metastasis-free interval between 6 and 24 months, presence of visceral metastases and number of metastatic sites ≥ 3. CONCLUSIONS The ESME program represents a unique large-scale real-life cohort on MBC. This study highlights important situations of high medical need within MBC patients. DATABASE REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT032753. Exposure of airborne particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is epidemiologically associated with lung dysfunction and respiratory symptoms, including pulmonary fibrosis. However, whether epigenetic mechanisms are involved in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis is currently poorly understood. Herein, using a PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model, we found that PM2.5 exposure leads to aberrant mRNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) gain and loss in fibrotic lung tissues. Moreover, we showed the m5C-mediated regulatory map of gene functions in pulmonary fibrosis after PM2.5 exposure. Several genes act as m5C gain-upregulated factors, probably critical for the development of PM2.5-induced fibrosis in mouse lungs. These genes, including Lcn2, Mmp9, Chi3l1, Adipoq, Atp5j2, Atp5l, Atpif1, Ndufb6, Fgr, Slc11a1, and Tyrobp, are highly related to oxidative stress response, inflammatory responses, and immune system processes. Our study illustrates the first epitranscriptomic RNA m5C profile in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis and will be valuable in identifying biomarkers for PM2.5 exposure-related lung pathogenesis with translational potential. While polyploidization is recognized as a major evolutionary driver for ferns and angiosperms, little is known about its impact in gymnosperms, where polyploidy is much less frequent. We explore Ephedra to evaluate (i) the extent of genome size diversity in the genus and the influence polyploidy has had on the evolution of nuclear DNA contents, and (ii) identify where shifts in genome size and polyploidy have occurred both temporally and spatially. A phylogenetic framework of all Ephedra species together with genome sizes and karyotypes for 87% and 67% of them respectively, were used to explore ploidy evolution and its global distribution patterns. Polyploidy was shown to be extremely common, with 41 species (83%) being polyploid (up to 8×) or having polyploid cytotypes - the highest frequency and level reported for any gymnosperm. Genome size was also diverse, with values ranging ~5-fold (8.09-38.34 pg/1C) - the largest range for any gymnosperm family - and increasing in proportion to ploidy level (i.e. no genome downsizing). Our findings provide novel data which support the view that gymnosperms have a more conserved mode of genomic evolution compared with angiosperms. Rapid diversification limits our ability to resolve evolutionary relationships and examine diversification history, as in the case of the Neotropical cotingas. Here we present an analysis with complete taxon sampling for the cotinga genera Lipaugus and Tijuca, which include some of the most range-restricted (e.g., T. condita) and also the most widespread and familiar (e.g., L. vociferans) forest birds in the Neotropics. We used two datasets (1) Sanger sequencing data sampled from eight loci in 34 individuals across all described taxa and (2) sequence capture data linked to 1,079 ultraconserved elements and conserved exons sampled from one or two individuals per species. Phylogenies estimated from the Sanger sequencing data failed to resolve three nodes, but the sequence capture data produced a well-supported tree. Lipaugus and Tijuca formed a single, highly supported clade, but Tijuca species were not sister and were embedded within Lipaugus. A dated phylogeny confirmed Lipaugus and Tijuca diversified rapidly in the Miocene.</p>