Clinical trials are critical components of modern health care and infrastructure Trials benefit society through scientific advancement and individual patients through trial participation In fact, billions of dollars are spent annually in support of these benefits Despite the massive investments, clinical trials often fail to accomplish their primary aims and trial enrollment rates remain low Prior efforts to improve trial conduct and enrollment have had limited success, perhaps due to oversimplification of the complex, multilevel nature of trials For these reasons, the authors propose applying implementation science to the clinical trials context In this commentary, the authors posit clinical trials as complex, multilevel evidence-based interventions with significant societal and individual benefits yet with persistent gaps in implementation An application of implementation science concepts to the clinical trials context as means to build common vocabulary and establish a platform for applying implementation science and practice to improve clinical trial conduct is introduced Applying implementation science to the clinical trials context can augment improvement efforts and build capacity for better and more efficient evidence-based care for all patients and trial stakeholders throughout the clinical trials enterpriseBlood-brain barrier BBB-permeable middle- or macromolecules middle/macromolecules have recently attracted significant attention as new drug delivery carriers into the human brain via receptor-mediated transcytosis RMT During the development process of such carriers, it is necessary to thoroughly evaluate their human BBB permeability levels In such evaluations, our recently established human immortalized cell-based multicellular spheroidal BBB models hiMCS-BBB models have shown high potential However, the specifics of those capabilities have yet to be elucidated Therefore, in this study, we characterize the ability of the hiMCS-BBB models to evaluate RMT-mediated BBB penetration properties of middle/macromolecules More specifically, we began by validating transferrin receptor TfR-mediated RMT functionalities using transferrin in the hiMCS-BBB models and then examined the BBB permeability levels of MEM189 antibodies known BBB-permeable anti-TfR antibodies The obtained results showed that, as with the case of transferrin, temperature-dependent uptake of MEM189 antibodies was observed in the hiMCS-BBB models, and the extent of that uptake increased in a time-dependent manner until reaching a plateau after around 2 h To further expand the evaluation applicability of the models, we also examined the BBB permeability levels of the recently developed SLS cyclic peptide and observed that peptide uptake was also temperature-dependent To summarize, our results show that the hiMCS-BBB models possess the ability to evaluate the RMT-mediated BBB-permeable properties of antibodies and peptides and thus have the potential to provide valuable tools for use in the exploration and identification of middle/macromolecules showing excellent BBB permeability levels, thereby contributing powerfully to the development of new drug delivery carriers for transporting drugs into the human brainActivation of aryl chlorides in cross-coupling reactions is a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis that is of great interest to industry Ultrasmall  less then 3 nm, atomically precise nanoclusters NCs are considered one of the most promising catalysts due to their high surface area and unsaturated active sites Herein, we introduce a copper nanocluster-based catalyst, [Cu61StBu26S6Cl6H14] Cu61NC that enables C-N bond-forming reactions of aryl chlorides under visible-light irradiation at room temperature A range of N-heterocyclic nucleophiles and electronically and sterically diverse aryl/hetero chlorides react in this new Cu61NC-catalyzed process to afford the C-N coupling products in good yields Mechanistic studies indicate that a single-electron-transfer SET process between the photoexcited Cu61NC complex and aryl halide enables the C-N-arylation reactionUsing perturbation theory within the framework of conceptual density functional theory, we derive a lower bound for the lattice energy of the ionic solids The main element of the lower bound is the Fukui potential in the nuclei of the molecule corresponding to the unit formula of the solid Thus, we propose a model to calculate the lattice energy in terms of the Fukui potential Our method, which is extremely simple, performs well as other methods using the crystal structure information of alkali halide solids  https//wwwselleckchemcom/products/sr-4835html  The method proposed here correlates surprisingly well with the experimental data on the lattice energy of a diverse series of solids having even a non-negligible covalent characteristic Finally, the validity of the maximum hardness principle MHP is assessed, showing that in this case, the MHP is limitedThe development of an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for storing H2 into CO2 and releasing it from the produced formic acid, when needed, is a crucial target for overcoming some intrinsic criticalities of green hydrogen exploitation, such as high flammability, low density, and handling Herein, we report an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for both reactions prepared by immobilizing a molecular iridium organometallic catalyst onto a high-surface mesoporous silica, through a sol-gel methodology The presence of tailored single-metal catalytic sites, derived by a suitable choice of ligands with desired steric and electronic characteristics, in combination with optimized support features, makes the immobilized catalyst highly active Furthermore, the information derived from multinuclear DNP-enhanced NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and Ir L3-edge XAS indicates the formation of cationic iridium sites It is quite remarkable to note that the immobilized catalyst shows essentially the same catalytic activity as its molecular analogue in the hydrogenation of CO2 In the reverse reaction of HCOOH dehydrogenation, it is approximately twice less active but has no induction periodA dual-function catalyst, designated as Cu5-VWT, has been constructed for the synergistic removal of NOx and volatile organic compounds under complex coal-fired flue gas conditions The removal of toluene, propylene, dichloromethane, and naphthalene all exceeded 99 350 °C, and the catalyst could effectively block the generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Mechanistic studies have shown that Cu sites on the Cu5-VWT catalyst facilitate catalytic oxidation, while V sites facilitate NOx reduction Thus, toluene oxidation and NOx reduction can proceed simultaneously The removal of total hydrocarbons and nonmethane total hydrocarbons from 1200 m3·h-1 real coal-fired flue gas by a monolithic catalyst were determined as 92 and 96, respectively, much higher than those of 54 and 72 over a commercial VWT catalyst, indicating great promise for industrial application
  The thorough knowledge of the anatomy of mandibular premolars is an essential factor for a correct approach to endodontic treatment, concerning both non-surgical and surgical treatment
 
  Since there is no data on the Italian population in this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate, from a surgical perspective, the anatomy of mandibular premolars among the Italian population through a cone-beam computed tomography CBCT analysis, considering the morphology of their root canals according to Vertucci's classification and the prospect of their apices with regard to the vestibular bone plate and the proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve and the mental foramen as well as to evaluate the most appropriate distance from the apex in the radicular resection 3 mm or 5 mm
 
  At total of 492 CBCT acquisitions from 246 males and 246 females were included retrospectively, evaluating 720 mandibular premolars Age, gender, the tooth position in relation to the vestibular plate, the number of roots, the toot providing any endodontic treatment, or especially endodontic retreatment or endodontic surgery Taking into account proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve and the mental foramen, any surgical approach must be carefully planned Frequently, a two-dimensional 2D radiographic examination is not sufficient to fully understand the anatomical variability of these teeth
 Mandibular premolars show a truly surprising anatomical variability, especially for mandibular first premolars, which therefore requires adequate radiographic planning before providing any endodontic treatment, or especially endodontic retreatment or endodontic surgery Taking into account proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve and the mental foramen, any surgical approach must be carefully planned Frequently, a two-dimensional 2D radiographic examination is not sufficient to fully understand the anatomical variability of these teethThe human uterus is exposed to epigenetic factors during maturation, which might influence its neural network The mesh muscle is formed from the circular muscle during development and maturation, and it coordinates the longitudinal and circular muscle function The uterus has an autonomous neural network with contractility and propagation patterns that determine its reproductive potential and health during pregnancy and delivery Emerging knowledge on the uterine neural network and mesh muscle ultrastructure contributes to new ideas and solutions on the role of intrauterine pressure and distending fluid intravasation during hysteroscopy, and even allows for improving the operative techniques of myomectomy, adenoma cytoreductive surgery and metroplasty Good health and well-being start from the in utero stage of life Prenatal and antenatal care are of paramount importance to minimize the risks of malnutrition and pollutants, and foster a healthy uterus Research regarding the neural network, function and contractility of the nongravid uterus is a new chapter in gynecology that provides significant information for a better understanding and early diagnosis and treatment of uterine pathologies and early pregnancy support
  Microwave ablation MWA is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules The MWA causes progressive nodule shrinkage as well as the improvement of the symptoms and cosmesis Some basic techniques have been described to further increase the efficacy and safety of this procedure
 
  To evaluate the efficacy of artery-first MWA as an advanced technique in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules
 
  A total of 40 patients treated with MWA were enrolled in the study Nineteen patients who underwent artery-first MWA were selected for the study group and 21 patients who underwent MWA alone were included in the control group Nodular vascularization was assessed using a new Doppler technique Superb Microvascular Imaging SMI and characterized using a 3-point scale All patients were evaluated in terms of volume, symptoms, cosmetic scores, and laboratory findings before the procedure as well as 3 months early-term follow-up and 6 months intermediate-term follow-up after the procedure