Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussedMarine plastic pollution is a critical environmental challenge facing policymakers globally To reduce marine plastic pollution by engaging the people, this study estimated the determinants of waste disposal approach by households, their willingness to participate in road gutters/drainage channels cleanup program and the number of man-days they are willing to contribute The study used a total of 600 households drawn from 30 enumeration areas A semi-structured questionnaire was employed in data collection Means, percentages, multinomial logit model and Heckman selection model were employed in data analysis  https//wwwselleckchemcom/products/hs-10296html  The study found that most 6742 percent of the households in the coastal city of Lagos engage in illegal waste disposal Some variables, household size, involvement in previous community cleanup activities, receipt of waste management information, payment of waste management fee, and having a dumpster in a locality, significantly reduce the likelihood of illegal waste disposal The study also found that most 7550 percent of the households were willing to clean up road gutters/drainage channels; however, most 8320 percent were only willing to contribute one man-day eight hours in a week Gender and previous participation in voluntary service significantly influenced both households' willingness to participate and the number of the man-days they are willing to contribute Women are more likely to participate and contribute man-days to the activity Education, household size and amount paid as waste management fee significantly reduced the number of man-days households are willing to contribute In contrast, the provision of information on waste management significantly increased the number of days they are likely to participate The study recommended providing waste management information and dumpsters to reduce illegal waste disposal, mobilizing citizens, especially women, the less educated and low waste fee-paying households, through well-packaged information about plastic pollutionEfficient use of nitrogen N is essential to protect water quality in high-input organic vegetable production systems, but little is known about the long-term effects of organic management on N mass balances We measured soil N and tabulated N inputs organic fertilizers, compost, irrigation water, atmospheric deposition, cover crop seed, vegetable transplant plugs and fixation by legume cover crops and exports in harvested crops lettuce, broccoli over eight years to calculate soil surface and soil system N mass balances for the Salinas Organic Cropping Systems study in Salinas, CA Our objectives were to 1 quantify the long-term effects of compost, cover crop frequency and cover crop type on soil N, cover crop and vegetable crop N uptake, and yield, and 2 tabulate N balances to assess the effects of these factors on N export in harvested crops, soil N storage and potential N loss Results show that across all systems only 13 to 23 of N inputs were exported in harvest Annual compost applications increased soil N stocks but had little effect on vegetable N uptake or yield, increasing the cumulative soil system N balance surplus over eight years by 999 kg ha-1, relative to the system receiving organic fertilizers alone Annually planted winter cover crops increased N availability, crop uptake and export; however, biological N fixation by legumes negated the positive effect of increased harvest exports on the balance surplus in the legume-rye cover cropped system Over eight years, rye cover crops improved system performance and reduced the cumulative N surplus by 384 kg ha-1 relative to the legume-rye mixture by increasing N retention and availability without increasing N inputs Reduced reliance on external compost inputs and increased use of annually planted non-legume cover crops can improve efficient N use and cropping system yield, consequently improving environmental performancePrimary aldosteronism PA usually accompanies suppressed plasma renin activity PRA through a negative feedback mechanism While some cases of PA with unsuppressed PRA were reported, there have been no studies about the characteristics of PA with unsuppressed PRA; thus, these characteristics were examined herein Nine patients with unsuppressed PRA and 86 patients with suppressed PRA were examined All patients underwent segmental adrenal venous sampling sAVS and adrenalectomy, and were pathologically confirmed to have cytochrome P450 11B2 CYP11B2-positive aldosterone-producing adenoma according to international histopathology consensus criteria Unsuppressed and suppressed PRA were defined as PRA levels of gt; 10 and ≤ 10 ng/mL/hr, respectively, in multiple blood samples obtained in the resting position The unsuppressed PRA group had higher morning cortisol levels 126 [85, 135] vs 85 [71, 110] μg/dL, P = 003 and higher cortisol levels after a 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test DST 22 [16, 25] vs 13 [10, 19] μ g/dL, P = 0004 than the suppressed PRA group The unsuppressed PRA group also showed higher aldosterone levels on the non-surgical side during sAVS P = 002 before adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH stimulation, P = 0002 after ACTH stimulation, a higher intensity of CYP17 expression in the resected adrenal gland P = 002, and a lower clinical complete success rate 1 year after surgery P = 004 compared with those in the suppressed PRA group These findings suggest that PA should not be ruled out by unsuppressed PRA among patients with hypertension, particularly when their cortisol levels remain unsuppressed in the 1 mg DST Meanwhile, it should be acknowledged that patients with unsuppressed PRA have higher aldosterone levels on the non-surgical side, and a lower likelihood of postoperative complete clinical success is to be expected
  Emergency general surgery EGS operations are associated with substantial risk of morbidity including postoperative respiratory failure PRF While existing risk models are not widely utilized and rely on traditional statistical methods, application of machine learning ML in prediction of PRF following EGS remains unexplored
 
  The present study aimed to develop ML-based prediction models for respiratory failure following EGS and compare their performance to traditional regression models using a nationally-representative cohort
 
  Non-elective hospitalizations for EGS appendectomy, cholecystectomy, repair of perforated ulcer, large or small bowel resection, lysis of adhesions were identified in the 2016-18 Nationwide Readmissions Database Factors associated with PRF were identified using ML techniques and logistic regression The performance of XGBoost and logistic regression was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve and coefficient of determination R2 The impact of PRF on moher than classifications are desired
 Logistic regression and XGBoost perform similarly in overall classification of PRF risk However, due to superior calibration at extremes of risk, ML-based models may prove more useful in the clinical setting, where probabilities rather than classifications are desired
  Temporomandibular Disorder TMD is a generic term applied to describe musculoskeletal disorders that affect the temporomandibular joint TMJ, the masticatory muscles and the related structures TMD comprises two groups of disorders, namely intra-articular TMD and masticatory muscle disorders There is still difficulty in establishing the effectiveness of different therapeutic modalities for TMD with robust evidence, despite the large volume of publications in the area The lack of outcomes standardization may represent a limiting factor in the search for scientific evidence
 
  This study aims to develop a core outcome sets COS for clinical trials in intra-articular TMD and masticatory muscle disorders
 
  The protocol for determining the COS-TMD will consist of three phases 1 Synthesis of TMD Management Intervention Outcomes The identification of outcomes will be carried out through a systematic review, which will include randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions used in TMD management 2 Through a two-round international Delphi survey, the list of outcomes will be scored by three panels of stakeholders 3 A representative sample of key stakeholders will be invited to participate in a face-to-face meeting where they can discuss the results of the Delphi survey and determine the final core set
 
  The implementation of this protocol will determine the COS-TMD, which will be made available for use in all TMD clinical studies The use of COS when planning and reporting TMD clinical trials will reduce the risk of publication bias and enable proper comparison of results found by different studies
 The implementation of this protocol will determine the COS-TMD, which will be made available for use in all TMD clinical studies The use of COS when planning and reporting TMD clinical trials will reduce the risk of publication bias and enable proper comparison of results found by different studiesCoronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 is associated with thrombosis We conducted a cohort study of consecutive patients, suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection presented to the emergency department We investigated haemostatic differences between SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive and negative patients, with dedicated coagulation analysis The 519 included patients had a median age of 66 years, and 525 of the patients were male Twenty-six percent of the patients were PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2PCR positive patients had increased levels of fibrinogen and active von Willebrand Factor VWF and decreased levels of protein C and α2-macroglobulin compared to the PCR negative patients In addition, we found acquired activated protein C resistance in PCR positive patients Furthermore, we found that elevated levels of factor VIII and VWF and decreased levels of ADAMTS-13 were associated with an increased incidence of thrombosis in PCR positive patients In conclusion, we found that PCR positive patients had a pronounced prothrombotic phenotype, mainly due to an increase of endothelial activation upon admission to the hospital These findings show that coagulation tests may be considered useful to discriminate severe cases of COVID-19 at risk for thrombosis
  Drug errors pose a major health hazard to a number of patient populations However, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus seem especially vulnerable to this risk as diabetes mellitus is usually concomitant with various comorbidities and polypharmacy, which present significant risk factors for the occurrence of drug errors Despite this fact, there is little data on drug errors from patients' perspective The present survey aimed to examine the viewpoints of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus regarding their experiences with medication errors, the overall treatment satisfaction, and their perceptions on how a medication error was handled in daily hospital routine
 
  Inpatients at the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology of the University Hospital of Graz were included in the survey Out of 100 patients, one-half had insulin therapy before hospitalization while the other half had no insulin therapy prior to admission After giving informed consent, patients filled out a questionnaire with 22 items