The bimetallic NPs crystallize in shapes governed by the countervailing influence of minimizing free energy through the adoption of Wulff constructions and the energetic penalties associated with twin faults As such, assessments of the stability and the potential toxic effects of bimetallic NPs arising from their possible existence in aquatic environments will depend sensitively on the origins of their formationIfenprodil 1 is a potent GluN2B-selective N-methyl-d-aspartate NMDA receptor antagonist that is used as a cerebral vasodilator and has been examined in clinical trials for the treatment of drug addiction, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and COVID-19 To correlate biological data with configuration, all four ifenprodil stereoisomers were prepared by diastereoselective reduction and subsequent separation of enantiomers by chiral HPLC The absolute configuration of ifenprodil stereoisomers was determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis of 1R,2S-1a and 1S,2S-1d GluN2B affinity, ion channel inhibitory activity, and selectivity over α, σ, and 5-HT receptors were evaluated 1R,2R-Ifenprodil 1R,2R-1c showed the highest affinity toward GluN2B-NMDA receptors Ki = 58 nM and high inhibition of ion flux in two-electrode voltage clamp experiments IC50 = 223 nM Whereas the configuration did not influence considerably the GluN2B-NMDA receptor binding, 1R-configuration is crucial for elevated inhibitory activity 1R,2R-Configured ifenprodil 1R,2R-1c exhibited high selectivity for GluN2B-NMDA receptors over adrenergic, serotonergic, and σ1 receptorsIn this work, comprehensive lists of internal calibrants for accurate mass determination of molecules in crude oils, natural organic matter, and soil as well as their preparation recipes are presented The lists include various sets of chemicals for positive- and negative-ion mode electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, atmospheric pressure photoionization, and laser desorption ionization The chemicals were chosen based on their solvent compatibility, ionization efficiency, and accessibility The sample preparation process was optimized for each ionization method and type of sample The lists include detailed information on preparation solvent, concentrations, and mixing ratios of sample and calibrants Internal calibration using the information in the lists results in successful calibration, and all the data presented in this study show root-mean-square errors between the theoretical and obtained m/z numbers of less than 04 ppm The information presented in this study provides an important guideline for researchers working on complex mixtures with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometryMicrogels have been widely used as particulate emulsifiers to stabilize emulsions due to their multiresponsiveness and deformability Generally, microgels stabilize oil-in-water o/w emulsions, whereas occasionally water-in-oil w/o emulsions are reported using oils like n-octanol in which microgels can swell However, the use of microgels to stabilize double emulsions DEs remains scarce In this work, we report a special polyN-isopropylacrylamide- PNIPAM- based microgel to obtain water-in-oil-in-water w/o/w DEs in one step with the introduction of 1-vinylimidazole VIM as comonomer and hydroxy silicone oil as the oily phase By comparison, when methacrylic acid MAA is used, an o/w emulsion will be obtained The same holds true even when we freeze-dry and redisperse the microgels in the oil Compared with PNIPAM-co-MAA microgel, PNIPAM-co-VIM microgel achieves a lower interfacial tension IFT when dispersed in the aqueous phase This interfacial affinity of PNIPAM-co-VIM is believed to result from acid-base interaction between VIM and hydroxyl groups of the silicone oil, the same interaction used for preparing silica-vinyl polymer composite particles Increasing the particle concentrations from 005 to 09 w/v, we observe the inversion from w/o to o/w/o and w/o/w emulsions When the oil fraction is changed from 01 to 09, the emulsion morphology evolves from o/w and w/o/w to w/o emulsions At last, we examine the emulsifying ability of PNIPAM-co-VIM microgel with other oils and find that w/o/w emulsions are obtained with edible oils as well Considering the similarity between microgels and biopolymers, the discovery in this work will help in designing food-grade emulsifiers to form edible DEsPolymeric micelles are nanoassemblies that are formed by spontaneous arrangement of amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous solutions at critical micelle concentration CMC They represent an effective system for drug delivery of, for instance, poorly water-soluble anticancer drugs Then, the development of polyion complexes PICs were emphasized The morphology of these complexes depends on the topology of the polyelectrolytes used and the way they are assembled For instance, ionic-hydrophilic block copolymers have been used for the preparation of PIC micelles The main limitation in the use of PIC micelles is their potential instability during the self-assembly/disassembly processes, influenced by several parameters, such as polyelectrolyte concentration, deionization associated with pH, ionic strength due to salt medium effects, mixing ratio, and PIC particle cross-linking To overcome these issues, the preparation of stable PIC micelles by increasing the rigidity of their dendritic architecture by the introduction of dendrimers and controlling their number within micelle scaffold was highlighted In this original concise Review, we will describe the preparation, molecular characteristics, and pharmacological profile of these stable nanoassembliesOxidative stress and a series of excessive inflammatory responses are major obstacles for neurological functional recovery after ischemic stroke Effective noninvasive anti-inflammatory therapies are urgently needed However, unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy of current drugs and inadequate drug delivery to the damaged brain are major problems  https//wwwselleckchemcom/products/gsk1120212-jtp-74057html  Nanozymes with robust anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress properties possess therapeutic possibility for ischemic stroke However, insufficiency of nanozyme accumulation in the ischemic brain by noninvasive administration hindered their application Herein, we report a neutrophil-like cell-membrane-coated mesoporous Prussian blue nanozyme MPBzymeNCM to realize noninvasive active-targeting therapy for ischemic stroke by improving the delivery of a nanozyme to the damaged brain based on the innate connection between inflamed brain microvascular endothelial cells and neutrophils after stroke The long-term in vivo therapeutic efficacy of MPBzymeNCM for ischemic stroke was illustrated in detail after being delivered into the damaged brain and uptake by microglia Moreover, the detailed mechanism of ischemic stroke therapy via MPBzymeNCM uptake by microglia was further studied, including microglia polarization toward M2, reduced recruitment of neutrophils, decreased apoptosis of neurons, and proliferation of neural stem cells, neuronal precursors, and neurons This strategy may provide an applicative perspective for nanozyme therapy in brain diseasesDouble-imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy i2PEPICO with tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet radiation was used to record threshold ionization mass spectra of the halocyclohexanes C6H11X X = Cl, Br, and I Calculations show that experimental dissociative ionization thresholds correspond to thermochemical limits Among the processes observed X loss, followed by C2H4 or C3H6 loss; C2H3Cl loss; HCl loss, followed by CH3 or C2H4 loss, halogen atom loss can be used to derive enthalpies of formation and C-X bond energies in the cation As an ancillary value, we propose a new proton affinity for cyclohexene at PA298Kc-C6H10 = 7715 ± 17 kJ mol-1 The halogen loss onsets 1074 ± 006 eV, 10125 ± 0005, and 9474 ± 0005 eV thus yield ΔfHo298KC6H11X g = -1644 ± 62, -1144 ± 23, and -563 ± 23 kJ mol-1 for X = Cl, Br, and I, respectively The last two agree with DFT-calculated isodesmic reaction energies very well, as opposed to G4 theory for X = Br The C-X bond energy in the cation is the lowest for X = Br This is the sum result of the weakening C-X bond in the neutral and the increasing stabilization of the parent ion with increasing halogen sizeEfforts to expand the scope of ribosome-mediated polymerization to incorporate noncanonical amino acids ncAAs into peptides and proteins hold promise for creating new classes of enzymes, therapeutics, and materials Recently, the integrated synthesis, assembly, and translation iSAT system was established to construct functional ribosomes in cell-free systems However, the iSAT system has not been shown to be compatible with genetic code expansion Here, to address this gap, we develop an iSAT platform capable of manufacturing pure proteins with site-specifically incorporated ncAAs We first establish an iSAT platform based on extracts from genomically recoded Escherichia coli lacking release factor 1 RF-1 This permits complete reassignment of the amber codon translation function Next, we optimize orthogonal translation system components to demonstrate the benefits of genomic RF-1 deletion on incorporation of ncAAs into proteins Using our optimized platform, we demonstrate high-level, multi-site incorporation of p-acetyl-phenylalanine pAcF and p-azido-phenylalanine into superfolder green fluorescent protein sfGFP Mass spectrometry analysis confirms the high accuracy of incorporation for pAcF at one, two, and five amber sites in sfGFP The iSAT system updated for ncAA incorporation sets the stage for investigating ribosomal mutations to better understand the fundamental basis of protein synthesis, manufacturing proteins with new properties, and engineering ribosomes for novel polymerization chemistriesProtein-protein interactions are vital to biological processes, but the shape and size of their interfaces make them hard to target using small molecules Cyclic peptides have shown promise as protein-protein interaction modulators, as they can bind protein surfaces with high affinity and specificity Dozens of cyclic peptides are already FDA approved, and many more are in various stages of development as immunosuppressants, antibiotics, antivirals, or anticancer drugs However, most cyclic peptide drugs so far have been natural products or derivatives thereof, with de novo design having proven challenging A key obstacle is structural characterization cyclic peptides frequently adopt multiple conformations in solution, which are difficult to resolve using techniques like NMR spectroscopy The lack of solution structural information prevents a thorough understanding of cyclic peptides' sequence-structure-function relationship Here we review recent development and application of molecular dynamics simulations with enhanced sampling to studying the solution structures of cyclic peptides We describe novel computational methods capable of sampling cyclic peptides' conformational space and provide examples of computational studies that relate peptides' sequence and structure to biological activity We demonstrate that molecular dynamics simulations have grown from an explanatory technique to a full-fledged tool for systematic studies at the forefront of cyclic peptide therapeutic design