001), the time to first analgesic request ( = .001), and ketorolac administration times ( = .01) were significantly different between 3 groups. Finally, no complication was reported regarding postoperative nausea and vomiting. Given the notable efficacy of tramadol in reducing pain after hemorrhoidectomy and its minor side effects, this medication is suggested as an effective topical anesthetic to decrease pain after hemorrhoidectomy.Given the notable efficacy of tramadol in reducing pain after hemorrhoidectomy and its minor side effects, this medication is suggested as an effective topical anesthetic to decrease pain after hemorrhoidectomy.Self-transcendence is thought to increase well-being and is implicitly promoted in contextual cognitive behavioral therapies (CCBTs). T0070907 order conceptualizes, develops, and validates the first comprehensive CCBT-informed self-transcendence questionnaire. Using a CCBT-informed theory, we propose four self-transcendence facets distancing oneself from mental content, distinguishing an observer of mental experience that is separate from the content of experience, experiencing innate connectedness with other beings, and noticing the constantly changing nature of experience. We measured these facets with items from existing relevant questionnaires and novel, expert-informed items. Exploratory factor analyses and bifactor exploratory structural equation models supported the first three of these facets. #link# Those factors evidenced convergent validity with decentering, defusion, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness, and criterion and incremental validity in predicting psychological well-being. Our findings support a CCBT-informed model of self-transcendence, introduce the first instrument to comprehensively measure the self-transcendence facets we identified, indicate links with well-being, and suggest future intervention targets.The COVID-19 has great impact on the health behavior of all people around the world, however its influence on patients with upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies remains unknown. In the present study, we found for the first time that during COVID-19 pandemic, patients with upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies were more likely to consult later and with a higher rate of hospitalization. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a heterogeneous condition with nonspecific symptoms. We aimed to report its management by paediatric gastroenterologists in Spain. A descriptive study by means of a survey sent to 184 active members of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP). 148 responses (80.4%) were received. For patients without predisposing condition, 31.1% employ antibiotics followed by probiotics; 33.1% antibiotherapy concomitant with probiotics; 24.3% only antibiotics and 10.8% only probiotics. 73.8% of participants usually establish the diagnosis through clinical parameters and 90% check the therapeutic response only by clinical data. There is high variability in the management of SIBO among paediatric population in our country.There is high variability in the management of SIBO among paediatric population in our country. Introduction and objectives aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi of the Aspergillus and Penicillium geni. These fungi contaminate cereals and several other types of food. The pathophysiologic effects of aflatoxins in humans include liver cancer, cirrhosis, and accumulation in human tissues. The study aimed to quantify carcinogenic aflatoxins in unprocessed food sold in the foodstuff markets of 13 districts of the city of Lima, Perú, and to discuss their effects for public health. Methods in order to so, we performed an immunoenzymatic assay using a Veratox® kit for total aflatoxin to detect aflatoxins in food for human consumption, and the implications of our findings for public health. Results the most contaminated foods we found included peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) (149.7 ppb) from the Limoncillo market at the Rimac district, and "ají panca" or Peruvian red chili pepper (Capsicum chinense) (56.4 ppb) from the central market at the Comas district. Peanuts may be eaten raw in pasta or creams for public health. Results the most contaminated foods we found included peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) (149.7 ppb) from the Limoncillo market at the Rimac district, and "ají panca" or Peruvian red chili pepper (Capsicum chinense) (56.4 ppb) from the central market at the Comas district. Peanuts may be eaten raw in pasta or creams, and Capsicum chinense is also eaten sometimes raw, always in a sustained manner over time as part of typical Peruvian cuisine. Conclusions we demonstrated a high risk to public health due to the link between aflatoxins in these foods and mainly liver cancer, in a city where the hepatic cancer and gastric cancer are prevalent. Background it is well known that moderate or vigorous physical exercise produces an increase in free radicals. Aim the aims of this study were to observe changes in malondialdehyde and antioxidant vitamins after a maximum incremental test, and to relate malondialdehyde and antioxidant vitamin values to performance parameters. Methods eighty-four male athletes participated in this study. Participants performed a maximum incremental test until exhaustion on a treadmill. Malondialdehyde in plasma and antioxidant vitamins in plasma and erythrocytes were determined before and after the test. Results in plasma, there was a decrease in malondialdehyde after the test. In erythrocytes, results showed increases in vitamin C and decreases in vitamin E after the test. Maximal oxygen uptake values were associated positively with vitamin C and negatively with malondialdehyde levels before the test. On the other hand, maximal oxygen uptake, total test time, and total test distance were positively related to the malondialdtermined before and after the test. Results in plasma, there was a decrease in malondialdehyde after the test. In erythrocytes, results showed increases in vitamin C and decreases in vitamin E after the test. Maximal oxygen uptake values were associated positively with vitamin C and negatively with malondialdehyde levels before the test. On the other hand, maximal oxygen uptake, total test time, and total test distance were positively related to the malondialdehyde values obtained after the test. Conclusions a maximum incremental test did not produce any changes in plasma vitamins in athletes. However, it increased the levels of vitamin C in erythrocytes and decreased malondialdehyde values in plasma and vitamin E in erythrocytes. The levels of malondialdehyde, vitamin C and vitamin E were related to performance parameters. These results may be linked to the adaptation of antioxidant systems due to regular training.

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