Value-based goal setting and the 'FITT' framework may be used to facilitate sustainable physical activity among patients. The engagement of allied health professionals such as exercise physiologists may also be beneficial. Exercise and healthy eating patterns are effective in improving health-related quality of life for patients withcancer. 2CMethylcytidine However, little is known about general practitioners' (GPs') views and experiences regarding providing exercise and nutrition recommendations to their patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to 1)report GPs' experiences of providing nutrition and exercise advice to their patients and 2) identify perceived barriers and enablers to implementation of exercise and nutrition advice throughout the cancer journey from the GP perspective. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted, and transcripts coded by two independent researchers. A thematic analysis was performed to derive main themes. Four main themes were identified the importance of exercise and nutrition recommendations for patients with cancer, the influence of the patient agenda, the influence of additional training or personal interest of the GP, and limitations of the primary care setting. Increased communication between primary and tertiary care, availability of resources, professional development opportunities and access to allied health services is needed to further support GPs to deliver exercise and nutrition information to their patients with cancer. This study provides evidence of GPs' desire to be involved in supporting the healthy exercise and nutrition habits of their patients with cancer and presents avenues for future research and resource development.Increased communication between primary and tertiary care, availability of resources, professional development opportunities and access to allied health services is needed to further support GPs to deliver exercise and nutrition information to their patients with cancer. This study provides evidence of GPs' desire to be involved in supporting the healthy exercise and nutrition habits of their patients with cancer and presents avenues for future research and resource development. Identifying high-risk asymptomatic individuals remains the cornerstone ofcardiovascular disease prevention. Coronary artery calcium is a highly specific marker of atherosclerosis that can be quantified using non-contrast computed tomography. The resulting calcium score has the capacity to improve current methods of risk stratification. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of calcium scoring, including its method of acquisition, indications, interpretation and role in prognostication. Calcium score has been shown to convincingly predict future cardiovascular risk in the asymptomatic population across a wide range of ethnicities, ages and sexes. Individuals at intermediate Framingham risk benefit the most from calcium scoring, which can be used to inform the need for preventive pharmacotherapy. Calcium scoring can be repeated after five years to reassess cardiovascular risk, especially when there is a decision to defer statin therapy on the basis of absence of coronary calcium.Calcium score has been shown to convincingly predict future cardiovascular risk in the asymptomatic population across a wide range of ethnicities, ages and sexes. Individuals at intermediate Framingham risk benefit the most from calcium scoring, which can be used to inform the need for preventive pharmacotherapy. Calcium scoring can be repeated after five years to reassess cardiovascular risk, especially when there is a decision to defer statin therapy on the basis of absence of coronary calcium. Scuba diving-related otological injuries comprise the majority of diving-related incidents that present to general practitioners (GPs). Correct diagnosis andmanagement are key to prevent permanent hearing loss and vertigo. The aim of this article is to increase awareness of the pathophysiology of otological diving injuries and provide anapproach to initial assessment and treatment, as well as to highlight particular circumstances in which onward referral is required. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of diving-related otological injuries by GPs can have profound positive effects on a patient's long-term outcomes. Complete otolaryngological assessment in those who have previously had a dive-related injury is critical to ensure patient safety prior to recommencing scuba diving.Accurate diagnosis and treatment of diving-related otological injuries by GPs can have profound positive effects on a patient's long-term outcomes. Complete otolaryngological assessment in those who have previously had a dive-related injury is critical to ensure patient safety prior to recommencing scuba diving. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Australia. Recently there have been unparalleled advances in the screening and management of lung cancer. The aim of this article is to discuss diagnosis and management of lung cancer, including advances that are likelyto translate into future practice. Screening with low-dose computed tomography scans has proven to be effective for detecting early curable disease, reducing mortality by ≥20% in randomised controlled trials. Implementation trials are underway within Australia and overseas, and a Commonwealth Inquiry is ongoing. Breath and blood biomarkers are less invasive alternatives that show potential but remain under investigation. Early diagnosis of lung cancer is key to improving survival - this includes familiarity with nodule screening recommendations and facilitating access to early tissue diagnosis via transthoracic needle aspiration or bronchoscopy. Treatment decisions can then be guided by staging with scans, molecular testing and multidiscin the frame of patient factors/preferences. The therapeutic armamentarium is boosted by an increasing range of effective therapies including modern surgical and radiation techniques, and systemic treatments including targeted therapies and immunotherapy. Skin cancer is the most common malignancy that is managed in general practice, and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) comprises the vast majority of presentations. Radiation therapy (RT) plays an important part in the management of NMSC and may be used as definitive treatment for low-risk cancers, as an adjuvant treatment for high-risk disease oralone for inoperable cases. The aims of this article are to discuss 1)types of RT; 2) role of RT, including its advantages and disadvantages; 3) side effects (toxicity) of RT; 4) outcomes from RT; 5) low- versus high-risk NMSCs and6)some guidelines for general practitioners on when to refer patients forconsideration of RT. The primary goal of treatment for NMSC is to cure the patient, and a secondary goal is to provide the best cosmetic and functional result with the minimum impact on quality of life. In deciding what modality of treatment to use, clinicians will need to take into account the site of the tumour, clinical stage, histological subtype and any high-risk features, patient comorbidities as well as patient preferences.

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