Activated CD8+ T cells demonstrate cytotoxicity to untreated tumor cells suggesting effector function of the activated CTLs The activated CTLs produced with our technique could be used for clinical applications with the goal of targeting and eliminating the tumorElectric field mediated gene delivery methods have the ability to efficiently transfect cells in vivo with an excellent safety profile The method has historically used a fixed number of electric pulses with identical characteristics in induce delivery Electrical treatment does not typically compensate for subject-to-subject variation and other differences This study was designed to investigate if delivery/expression could be increased using a novel electropulsation method that compensated for variation using real-time electrical impedance measurements The method involved delivering plasmid DNA encoding luciferase to murine skin Tissue impedance in a 1-3 KHz range was measured before electric pulses were applied Impedance was also measured after each successive pulse Pulsation was stopped when impedance values were reduced by either 80 or 95 relative to prepulse values Standard/fixed pulsing parameters were also used for comparison The results indicated that up to 15-fold increases in luciferase expression could be obtained when electrical treatment was ceased based upon impedance reductions Furthermore, peak expression levels of all treatment groups pulsed using the novel pulsing method were statistically higher than those that employed standard pulsing These results strongly suggest that applying pulses until a defined impedance-based endpoint results in higher expression
  Cultural sensibility is an important concept linked to the achievement of cultural competence Health professionals must first improve their cultural sensibility to become culturally competent and to be able to offer competent care to culturally diverse populations Aim To develop and psychometrically test the Cultural Sensibility Scale for Nursing CUSNUR, a cultural sensibility scale that can be used in nursing for the achievement of competencies needed to care for culturally diverse populations
 
  The cross-sectional survey was conducted over two stages  https//wwwselleckchemcom/products/taurocholic-acid-sodium-salt-hydratehtml  The first stage involved the cross-cultural and discipline-specific adaptation of an existing scale addressing this concept in the field of law using the reverse translation method Second, validation of the scale was carried out from October 2016-June 2017 by studying the psychometric properties of the questionnaire through an analysis of content acceptability and reliability and through exploratory factor analysis EFA
 
  The questionnaire was designed to be clear, easy to understand, and of adequate length, and experts involved in content validation agreed that the scale meets these criteria A total of 253 nursing students participated in the validation stage Four factors were identified from the EFA 1 patient and health professional behaviours, 2 self-assessments, 3 self-awareness, and 4 cultural influence Two items were excluded Factorial saturation is adequate for all factors gt;030 The Cronbach alpha was measured as 075
 
  This study presents the first version of the CUSNUR and demonstrates that the scale is valid and reliable
 This study presents the first version of the CUSNUR and demonstrates that the scale is valid and reliable
  To analyze the perceptions, motives and reasons that influence the election of Family and Community Medicine FCM speciality, thus exploring possible proposals for change in the health system model and university training
 
  Descriptive-interpretative qualitative research from a socio-constructivist perspective
 
  Medical speciality training departments in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona
 
  55 first year junior doctors belonging to the FCM Barcelona Ciutat ICS training department were contacted; 25 agreed to participate They were segmented into two groups depending on if the choice of FCM had been their first option or not Through snowball sampling 11 more junior doctors from other specialities were recruited
 
  Three focus groups were formed a first choice FCM, b not first choice FCM and c other specialities Semi-structured 2-h long interviews took place with each of the groups Literal transcription and inductive codification with a first triangulation within each group and a second one between the three of them and thematic content analyses
 
  The choice of speciality is lived as an academic milestone and is thought determining professional and personally It is a complex weave of influencing elements but some of main factors were university training, health system model, professional prospects and the social appreciation of the speciality Analyzing the relation between these elements puts light on a phenomena we have called "the discredit of Primary Care PC"
 
  The FCM specialty will not be attractive in a hospital-centric health and training system that does not bet on PC organizationally or economically
 The FCM specialty will not be attractive in a hospital-centric health and training system that does not bet on PC organizationally or economicallyChestnut skin is rich in polyphenols that have been linked to health for their antioxidant activity However, chestnut outer-skin extract COE, chestnut inner-skin extract CIE, and their digested products have different compositions of polyphenols, and therefore their antioxidant activities might differ as well Here, we study the effect of in vitro digestion on their total phenol content, antioxidant capacity, and individual phenolic profile to clarify the relationship between biotransformation and antioxidant activity Compared to undigested samples, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of digested chestnut outer-skin extract DCOE and digested chestnut inner-skin extract DCIE had significantly higher values The changes of phenolic composition and antioxidant activity after digestion were mainly due to the anthocyanin biosynthesis involving glycosylation, acylation, methoxylation and their reverse processes All these data suggest that as chestnut processing by-products, COE and CIE are raw material sources of antioxidant-rich active substances and need more sufficient utilizationSeveral risk management frameworks have been introduced in the literature for maritime Pollution Preparedness and Response PPR However, in light of the actual needs of the competent authorities, there is still a lack of framework that is established on a sound risk conceptual basis, addresses the different risk management decision-making contexts of organizations, and provides tools for various risk management questions of this field To alleviate the limits of existing approaches, this paper introduces a new risk management framework for this purpose, which was developed in cooperation with the competent authorities and other maritime experts The framework adopts the risk-informed decision-making strategy and includes three aligned components The first component provides a unified theoretical risk concept to the framework through an interpretation of the Society for Risk Analysis risk approach The second consists of four ISO 310002018 standard based processes focused on different risk management decision-making contexts of the PPR organizations The third comprises a set of practical risk assessment tools to generate the needed information A case study provides an example of the functionality of this framework with integrated data from the northern Baltic Sea To conclude, a risk concept is provided for the PPR authorities and their stakeholders as well as processes for managing the risk and tools for its assessmentThe countrywide COVID-19 pandemic lockdown accomplished what aggressive plans could not do throughout the long-term cleaning of the Ganga River Here, we illustrated Hooghly River surface water quality [physico-chemical parameters, biological parameters, dissolved heavy metals] improvement by analyzing eight sampling station before and during the lockdown Because of shutdown of industrial units and individuals staying at home, a complete decrease in industrial wastes, contaminants, and self-purging of the stream improved significantly water quality by about 40 to 50 Among dissolved heavy metals, the concentrations of Cd 50, Pb 53, demonstrated noteworthy variations during the lockdown Diminishing trends were also observed for TDS 62, and BOD 52, with significant reduction in the total coliform 63, faecal coliform 61, notably Principal component analysis and paired t-test signify the alteration of water quality The study concludes that the aquatic ecosystem can be revived if wastewater, and anthropogenic activities are properly managed by environmental surveillanceThe presence of microplastics in all ecological and environmental conditions has been identified as a global problem This article aimed to study edible salt-associated microplastics from the major salt-producing states of India The crystal and powder salt from Tamil Nadu and Gujarat five samples of powder salt and three samples of crystal salt from each state were collected and analyzed for their microplastic content The total microplastic content in the salts ranged from 46 to 115 particles per 200 g in Gujarat salt and 23 to 101 particles per 200 g in Tamil Nadu salt The microplastics are dominated by red and blue color fibrous-shaped materials The most common microplastics identified in the edible salts were polyethylene, polyester, and polyvinyl chloride derived from marine and salt-processing unitsIn the context of the environmental improvement of inland shipping, this paper studies the interaction mechanism of tripartite behavioral strategy selection among the upstream and downstream governments and shipping companies in neighboring provinces This paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model that introduces the prospect theory, and verifies numerical examples in combination with system dynamics simulation methods Therefore, this study discusses the influence of evolutionary stability strategies on the development of electric ship industry The results show that in order to realize effective governance of inland shipping pollution, the optimal evolutionary stability strategies of the three stakeholders should be as follows active supervision in both upstream and downstream governments, and using clean energy in shipping companies The improvement of the initial probability and risk preference of the three parties is conducive to promoting the faster and more stable industrial development, while reasonable profit distribution coefficient and compensation cost can promote the benign development of the inland river environmental governance system In addition, the probability of upstream and downstream governments and shipping companies choosing the optimal strategies is positively related to the government fines, and negatively related to the regulatory costs In particular, the application of prospect theory makes the result of evolutionary equilibrium more obviousThe increasing CO2-concentrations in the atmosphere promote ocean acidification Seawater chemistry changes interact with contaminants, such as illicit drugs in the coastal zones This work evaluates impacts of pH decrease and crack-cocaine exposure on the commercial mussel Perna perna through biomarker responses lysosomal membrane stability, lipid peroxidation, and DNA strand breaks The organisms were exposed to different crack-cocaine concentrations 05, 50, and 50 μg L-1 combined with different pH values 83, 80, 75, 70, 65, and 60 for 96 h Crack-cocaine in the different acidification scenarios triggered cyto-genotoxicity, which affected the overall health of mussels exposed to cocaine environmentally relevant concentration This study produced the first data on biomarker responses associated with CO2-induced acidification and illicit drugs crack-cocaine in marine organisms