5 min for each injection; a total of 40 injections is used to analyse the total sample The higher peak capacity and consequently greater resolution on the long 2D column is illustrated, compared with that expected for conventional GC×GC, with tentative identification in order to classify chemical classes Incorporating an approach to acquiring retention indices may be implemented, although its utility for petroleum hydrocarbons is limited Structured groupings of different chemical classes, as exemplified by mono and diaromatics for the crude oil sample, were notedMental well-being in cities is being challenged worldwide and a more detailed understanding of how urban environments influence mental well-being is needed This qualitative study explores neighborhood factors and their interactions in relation to mental well-being Individual semi-structured walking interviews were conducted with 28 adults living in the Brussels-Capital Region This paper provides a detailed description of physical neighborhood factors green-blue spaces, services, design and maintenance, traffic, cellphone towers and social neighborhood factors neighbor ties, neighbor diversity, social security that link to mental well-being A socio-ecological framework is presented to explain interactions among those neighborhood factors, and personal and institutional factors, in relation to mental well-being The findings are linked to existing concepts and theories to better understand the mechanisms underlying the associations between the urban neighborhood environment and mental well-being Finally, implications of the walking interview method are discussed
  The distinct pharmacological properties and clinical uses of extended-release naltrexone XR-NTX and sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone BUP-NX present challenges in analyzing patient outcomes
 
  We conducted a secondary analysis of a multi-site randomized trial comparing XR-NTX with sublingual BUP-NX treatment for opioid use disorder initiated during inpatient detoxification and continued in outpatient treatment Urine testing data for non-study opioids from the last 22 weeks of the 24-week trial were analyzed in both a per-protocol sample n = 474 participants who received at least one dose of medication and a completers sample n = 211 participants who received all XR-NTX doses or all BUP-NX prescriptions The present analyses sought to identify differences in the weekly percentages of opioid-positive urine tests between participants treated with the two medications
 
  The proportion of opioid-positive tests in both conditions was less than 20  for 21 of the 22 weeks in the per-protocol sample and all 22 weeks in the completers sample Generalized linear mixed model analyses revealed a significant treatment XR-NTX vs BUP-NX X week weeks 3-24 interaction in the per-protocol sample but not the completers sample In the per-protocol analysis, the BUP-NX, compared to XR-NTX, had significantly greater proportions of opioid-positive tests in 14 out of the 22 weeks
 
  Longitudinal modeling approaches that utilize flexible procedures for handling missing data can offer a different perspective on study findings Results from the present analyses suggest that XR-NTX appeared to be somewhat more effective than BUP-NX in reducing illicit opioid use in the per-protocol sample
 Longitudinal modeling approaches that utilize flexible procedures for handling missing data can offer a different perspective on study findings Results from the present analyses suggest that XR-NTX appeared to be somewhat more effective than BUP-NX in reducing illicit opioid use in the per-protocol sampleInvestigating the long-term trends of alkyl nitrates RONO2 is of great importance for evaluating the variations of photochemical pollution Mixing ratios of C1-C5 RONO2 were measured in autumn Hong Kong from 2002 to 2016, and the average level of 2-butyl nitrate 2-BuONO2 always ranked first The C1-C4 RONO2 all showed increasing trends p less then 005, and 2-BuONO2 had the largest increase rate The enhancement in C3 RONO2 was partially related to elevated propane, and dramatic decreases p less then 005 in both nitrogen monoxide NO and nitrogen dioxide NO2 also led to the increased RONO2 formation In addition, an increase of hydroxyl OH and hydroperoxyl HO2 radicals p less then 005 suggested enhanced atmospheric oxidative capacity, further resulting in the increases of RONO2 Source apportionment of C1-C4 RONO2 specified three typical sources of RONO2, including biomass burning emission, oceanic emission, and secondary formation, of which secondary formation was the largest contributor to ambient RONO2 levels Mixing ratios of total RONO2 from each source were quantified and their temporal variations were investigated Elevated RONO2 from secondary formation and biomass burning emission were two likely causes of increased ambient RONO2  https//wwwselleckchemcom/products/Cyclopaminehtml  By looking into the spatial distributions of C1-C5 RONO2, regional transport from the Pearl River Delta PRD was inferred to build up RONO2 levels in Hong Kong, especially in the northwestern part In addition, more serious RONO2 pollution was found in western PRD region This study helps build a comprehensive understanding of RONO2 pollution in Hong Kong and even the entire PRDPotentially toxic element PTE pollution has been extensively studied at a local and regional scale in China However, further research needs to be conducted at a national level To this end, in current study we systematically compiled data of around 170,000 soil samples collected from 1153 papers published between 2008 and 2018 Based on these data we conducted a comprehensive analysis on the pollution status, pollution hotspots, and potential dominant sources of PTEs As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni and Zn in soils in 271 cities of China using geochemical accumulation index, potential ecological risk index, health risk evaluation model, univariate local Moran's I index, and bivariate local Moran's I index Our results indicated an obvious accumulation of PTEs in the soils of most cities In addition, the contents of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Ni were higher in China when compared to other several countries under comparison Pollution hotspots of PTE and hotspots of human health risks may occur due to PTE exposure were mainly distributed in South S and Southwest SW of China Cities with PTEs accumulation in soil due to industrial activities were mainly located in East E and North N China Cities that had high concentrations of PTE due to agricultural activities were mainly located in central and Northeast NE China Most cities with an accumulation of PTEs in soils primarily due to mining activities were found in West W and Northwest N China Cities with PTEs mainly sourced from soil parental material were distributed in Southwest SW China This study provides comprehensive and specific information and valuable implications for developing advanced scientific and efficient strategies to prevent and control PTE pollution the soils in ChinaThe particle size distribution PSD slope ξ can indicate the predominant particle size, material composition, and inherent optical properties IOPs of inland waters However, few semi-analytical methods have been proposed for deriving ξ from the surface remote sensing reflectance due to the variable optical state of inland waters A semi-analytical algorithm was developed for inland waters having a wide range of turbidity and ξ in this study Application of the proposed model to Ocean and Land Color Instrument OLCI imagery of the water body resulted in several important observations 1 the proposed algorithm 754 nm and 779 nm combination was capable of retrieving ξ with R2 being 072 p less then 001, n = 60, and MAPE and RMSE being 437 and 022 n = 30 respectively; 2 the ξ in HZL was lower in summer than other seasons during the period considered, this variation was driven by the phenological cycle of algae and the runoff caused by rainfall; 3 the band optimization proposed in this study is important for calculating the particle backscattering slope η and deriving ξ because it is feasible for both algae dominant and sediment governed turbid inland lakes These observations help improve our understanding of the relationship between IOPs and ξ, which are affected by different bio-optic processes and algal phenology in the lake environmentFluoxetine is frequently detected in aquatic environment, and chronic FLX exposure exhibits adverse effects on aquatic communities Its chirality makes the adverse effects more complicated This study aimed at the enantioselective cardiotoxicity in developmental zebrafish induced by racemic rac-/S-/R-fluoxetine The accumulation profiles demonstrated that biotransformation of fluoxetine to norfluoxetine occurred during rac-fluoxetine exposure, with a higher enrichment of S-norfluoxetine than R-norfluoxetine Heart malformations including pericardial edema, circulation abnormalities, and thrombosis were observed, and enantioselective changes also occurred According to Hamp;E staining and Masson's trichrome staining, the loose severity of cardiac structure and cardiac fibrosis in rac-norfluoxetine treated group was worse than that in fluoxetine treated groups Results of toxicity-associated parameters in our homochiral enantiomers' exposure also indicated that the toxicity induced by S-fluoxetine was more severe than R-fluoxetine Enantioselective arrhythmia in developmental zebrafish after chiral fluoxetine exposure could be caused by myocardial fibrosis, abnormal developmental processes, and the biotransformation of fluoxetine to norfluoxetine could make that worse Our findings can be used to assess the environmental risk of the two enantiomers of fluoxetine that induce cardiotoxicity in aquatic organismsIn modern agricultural management, the use of pesticides is indispensable Due to their massive use worldwide, pesticides represent a latent risk to both humans and the environment In the present study, 1056 frequently used pesticides were screened for oestrogen receptor ER agonistic activity by using in silico methods We found that 72 and 47 pesticides potentially have ER agonistic activity by the machine learning methods random forest RF and deep neural network DNN, respectively Among endocrine-disrupting chemicals EDCs, 14 have been reported as EDCs or ER agonists by previous studies We selected 3 reported and 7 previously unreported pesticides from 76 potential ER agonists to further assess ERα agonistic activity All 10 selected pesticides exhibited ERα agonistic activity in human cells or zebrafish In the dual-luciferase reporter gene assays, six pesticides exhibited ERα agonistic activity Additionally, nine pesticides could induce mRNA expression of the pS2 and NRF1 genes in MCF-7 cells, and seven pesticides could induce mRNA expression of the vtg1 and vtg2 genes in zebrafish Importantly, the remaining 48 out of 76 potential ER agonists, none of which have previously been reported to have endocrine-disrupting effects or oestrogenic activity, should be of great concern Our screening results can inform environmental protection goals and play an important role in environmental protection and early warnings to human health