Renal cell carcinoma is strongly vascularized, and formation of new blood vessels is a complex and multi-step process In this study, we analysed the subtypes of intermediate blood vessels, as shown by double immunohistochemistry Tumour-associated blood vessels were identified by double immunostaining based on CD34 and smooth muscle cell actin Blood vessels were classified both quantitatively and qualitatively based on the expression of the aforementioned two markers The main criteria to sub-classify intermediate blood vessels was the presence, distribution, and arrangement of perivascular cells We described three subtypes of intermediate blood vessels found particularly in the tumour area Subtype 1 lacked perivascular cells, subtype 2 showed scattered pericytes attached to the vascular wall, and subtype 3 showed a continuous layer of perivascular cells on one side We describe for the first time three subtypes of renal cell carcinoma-associated intermediate blood vessels, which could be important in prognosis and as potential targets for anti-vascular therapy We describe for the first time three subtypes of renal cell carcinoma-associated intermediate blood vessels, which could be important in prognosis and as potential targets for anti-vascular therapyAurora kinases are a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that play a central role in eukaryotic cell division Overexpression of aurora kinases in cancer and their role as major regulators of the cell cycle quickly inspired the idea that their inhibition might be a potential pathway when treating oncologic patients Over the past couple of decades, the search for designing and testing of molecules capable of inhibiting aurora activities fueled many pre-clinical and clinical studies In this study, data from the past 10 years of in vitro and in vivo investigations, as well as clinical trials, utilizing aurora kinase inhibitors as therapeutics for hematological malignancies were compiled and discussed, aiming to highlight potential uses of these inhibitors as a novel monotherapy model or alongside conventional chemotherapies While there is still much to be elucidated, it is clear that these kinases play a key role in oncogenesis, and their manageable toxicity and potentially synergistic effects still render them a focus of interest for future investigations in combinatorial clinical trials The standard irradiation dose to the elective lymph node area ELNA in locally patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma LA-HNSCC to control lymph node micrometastases LN-MM has not changed since it was empirically determined in the 1950s We investigated the optimal irradiation dose for controlling LN-MM in ELNAs The pattern of recurrence of LA-HNSCC was retrospectively evaluated in patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin or radiation therapy alone In total, 162 patients were enrolled The median observation period was 34 months No recurrence was found in ELNAs After propensity score matching, a cisplatin dose of ≥200 mg/m yielded a significantly higher overall survival rate p≤0001 and locoregional control rate p=0034 than did a dose of lt;100 mg/m CCRT with a cisplatin dose of ≥200 mg/m can reduce the irradiation dose to 40-44 Gy at 2 Gy per fraction to control LN-MM CCRT with a cisplatin dose of ≥200 mg/m 2 can reduce the irradiation dose to 40-44 Gy at 2 Gy per fraction to control LN-MMMyiasis refers to the infestation of living vertebrae with fly larvae, principally occurring in individuals with a low socioeconomic status and poor personal hygiene Myiasis is rarely manifested in the urogenital system Herein, we report a case of urogenital myiasis in a 49-year-old rural woman complaining of maggots in the urine and severe genital itchingSMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is a newly described entity, with less than 100 reported cases It is characterized by basaloid or rhabdoid morphology and is diagnosed by complete loss of nuclear SMARCB1 INI-1 The morphologic appearance, specific immunophenotypic markers, and unique molecular make-up distinguish this entity from other various malignant neoplasms We present a case of a 55-year-old male that presented with a large progressing palatine mass Magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneous mass involving the left maxillary space The initial biopsy was diagnosed as undifferentiated carcinoma Resection was performed, and immunohistochemical studies revealed a complete loss of INI-1, refining the diagnosis to SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma Diagnosis of SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma should be considered in all undifferentiated sinonasal carcinomas Immunohistochemistry or molecular studies are mandatory to confirm the diagnosis and exclude other morphologically similar entitiesPurpose We propose a super-resolution SR method, named SR-CycleGAN, for SR of clinical computed tomography CT images to the micro-focus x-ray CT CT μ CT level Due to the resolution limitations of clinical CT about 500 × 500 × 500    μ m 3 / voxel , it is challenging to obtain enough pathological information On the other hand, μ CT scanning allows the imaging of lung specimens with significantly higher resolution about 50 × 50 × 50    μ m 3 / voxel or higher, which allows us to obtain and analyze detailed anatomical information As a way to obtain detailed information such as cancer invasion and bronchioles from preoperative clinical CT images of lung cancer patients, the SR of clinical CT images to the μ CT level is desired Approach Typical SR methods require aligned pairs of low-resolution LR and high-resolution images for training, but it is infeasible to obtain precisely aligned paired clinical CT and μ CT images To solve this problem, we propose an unpaired SR approach that can perform S Whether Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is associated with thyroid autoimmunity was debated for long time This study was still to explore the causal relationship of 25 OH D with a thyroid peroxidase antibody TPOAb The data were obtained from a cross-sectional study, SPECT-China study, which was performed in 23 sites in East China during 2014 to 2016 10636 participants were finally included in this study Genotyped four 25 OH D-related and four TPOAb-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs created their genetic risk scores GRS Bidirectional mendelian randomization MR analysis was used in this study 25 OH D GRS was significantly associated with 25 OH D B -0093, 95 CI -0111, -0074 and TPOAb level B 0067, 95 CI 0002 to 0132 TPOAb GRS was significantly associated with TPOAb concentration B 0345, 95 CI 0135 to 0556, but not 25 OH D B -0030, 95 CI -0091 to 0030 Using 25 OH D_GRS as instrumental variable in the MR analysis, a causal relationship of genetically determined 25 OH D with increased TPOAb concentration B -0720, 95 CI -1429 to -0012 No relation was found between genetically instrumented TPOAb and 25 OH D A higher VD_GRS was associated with higher risk of increased TPOAb concentration, which supports a causal association between decreased vitamin D and increased concentration of TPOAb in an eastern Chinese population A higher VD_GRS was associated with higher risk of increased TPOAb concentration, which supports a causal association between decreased vitamin D and increased concentration of TPOAb in an eastern Chinese populationThe incorporation of epistemic aspects of science in science education continues to be a challenge for researchers and practitioners The paper presents an empirical study investigating how epistemic framing of scientific methods can be incorporated in science teaching, learning and summative assessment, and what impact such framing has on student learning outcomes The study was conducted with 969 secondary students taught by 152 teachers from a national sample in England Teaching videos and summative assessments were framed by Brandon's Matrix, a theoretical framework derived from the work of a philosopher of science and focusing on the diversity of scientific methods ranging from hypothesis testing to non-manipulative parameter measurement The findings are discussed, including a the students' views on the teaching videos and summative assessments, b the impact of the teaching videos on students' understanding of the epistemic aspects of scientific methods and c students' performance on summative assessments in the context of science topics covered in high-stakes examinations in England The findings suggest that the students' understanding of scientific methods significantly improved after watching the videos Furthermore, the students' performance on the summative assessment items indicated a high level of accuracy in responsesLandslides represent a serious worldwide hazard, especially in Italy, where exposure to hydrogeological risk is very high; for this reason, a landslide quantitative risk assessment QRA is crucial for risk management and for planning mitigation measures In this study, we present and describe a novel methodological approach of QRA for slow-moving landslides, aiming at national replicability This procedure has been applied at the basin scale in the Arno River basin 9100 km2, Central Italy, where most landslides are slow-moving QRA is based on the application of the equation risk = hazard H × vulnerability V × exposure E and on the use of open data with uniform characteristics at the national scale The study area was divided into a grid with a 1 km2 cell size, and for each cell, the parameters necessary for the risk assessment were calculated https//wwwselleckchemcom/products/mm-102html The obtained results show that the total risk of the study area amounts to approximately 7 billion € The proposed methodology presents several novelties in the risk assessment for the regional/national scale of the analysis, mainly concerning the identification of the datasets and the development of new methodologies that could be applicable over such large areas The present work demonstrates the feasibility of the methodology and discusses the obtained resultsBiologically active environmental pollutants have significant impact on ecosystems, wildlife, and human health Microplastic MP and nanoplastic NP particles are pollutants that are present in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems at virtually every level of the food chain Moreover, recently, airborne microplastic particles have been shown to reach and potentially damage respiratory systems Microplastics and nanoplastics have been shown to cause increased oxidative stress, inflammation, altered metabolism leading to cellular damage, which ultimately affects tissue and organismal homeostasis in numerous animal species and human cells However, the full impact of these plastic particles on living organisms is not completely understood The ability of MPs/NPs to carry contaminants, toxic chemicals, pesticides, and bioactive compounds, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals, present an additional risk to animal and human health This review will discusses the current knowledge on pathways by which microplastic and nanoplastic particles impact reproduction and reproductive behaviors from the level of the whole organism down to plastics-induced cellular defects, while also identifying gaps in current knowledge regarding mechanisms of action