MDD participants also agreed more strongly with self-verifying functions of sadness and expressed a stronger general preference for sadness Conclusion Findings indicate that emotion regulation in MDD might be driven by self-verification motives They point to the relevance of exploring patients' desired emotional states and associated motives The systematic integration of positive affect into the self-image of depressed patients might help to deemphasize the self-verifying function of sadness, thereby overcoming the depression Copyright © 2020 Arens and StangierGender differences in achievement exhibit variation between domains and between countries Much prior research has examined whether this variation could be due to variation in gender equality in opportunities, with mixed results Here we focus instead on the role of a society's values about gender equality, which may have a more pervasive influence We pooled all available country measures on adolescent boys' and girls' academic achievement between 2000 and 2015 from the Program for International Student Assessment PISA and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS assessments of math, science, and reading We then analyzed the relation between gender differences and country levels of gender egalitarian values, controlling for country levels of living standards and indicators of gender equality in opportunities Gender egalitarian values came out as the most important predictor Specifically, more gender egalitarian values were associated with improved performance of boys relative to girls in the same countries This pattern held in reading, where boys globally perform substantially worse than girls, as well as in math and science where gender differences in performance are small and may favor either boys or girls Our findings suggest a previously underappreciated role of cultural values in moderating gender gaps in academic achievement Copyright © 2020 Eriksson, Björnstjerna and VartanovaObjective The current randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of a job crafting intervention program on work engagement as the primary outcome and job crafting as the secondary outcome among Japanese employees Methods Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to an intervention group n = 138 or a control group n = 143 The job crafting intervention program provided only to the intervention group consisted of two 120-minute group sessions with e-mail or letter follow-up Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 3-month and 6-month follow-up in both groups Results In the total sample, the job crafting intervention program showed a non-significant effect on work engagement at both 3-month and 6-month follow-up Also, job crafting did not improve significantly  https//wwwselleckchemcom/products/mps1-in-6-compound-9-html  However, the program showed a significant intervention effect on work engagement p = 004 with small effect size Cohen's d = 033 at 3-month follow-up of workers in a lower job crafting subgroup Conclusion The job crafting intervention program may not be sufficiently effective to improve work engagement and job crafting for the entire sample of participants However, it may be effective for workers in lower job crafting subcategories Clinical Trial Registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry wwwuminacjp/ctr/, identifier UMIN000026668 Copyright © 2020 Sakuraya, Shimazu, Imamura and KawakamiIn psychodynamic psychotherapy, verbal structures and intents and non-verbal voice and interruptions dimensions of communication intertwine conveying information and determining the mutual regulation between therapist and patient through conversational sequences The communication components interplay is the foundation for building the therapeutic alliance, a relational dimension that predicts a psychotherapy outcome and change, influenced by patient-therapist exchanges from the initial stages of their encounter Depressed patients present specific verbal and non-verbal communication and show difficulties in developing and maintaining the therapeutic alliance Based on the reviewed literature, the main aim of this study was to analyze how the action of specific communicative modes, implemented by the therapist and depressed patients, affect the reciprocal construction of the early therapeutic alliance by each participant during the mutual regulation processes We employed a mixed methods approach based onin communication-alliance interactions, and polar coordinate analysis to identify significant relationships between communicative modes and alliance ruptures and repairs Results confirm that the therapist's verbal asking and exploring and non-verbal elaborating and cooperatively interrupting modes and the depressed patients' verbal asserting and exploring and non-verbal expressing emotions and cooperatively interrupting modes determine stable patterns and significant associations with collaborative behaviors connected to the reciprocal construction of alliance by each participant All this may provide professionals with useful information to increase the psychotherapy effectiveness with depressed patients Copyright © 2020 Del Giacco, Anguera and SalcuniClimate change is statistical, abstract and difficult to comprehend directly Imagining a specific, personal episode where you experience consequences of climate change in the future episodic future thinking may bring climate change closer, thus increasing the perceived risk of climate-related risk events We conducted an experiment to test whether episodic future thinking increased the perceived risk of climate-related risk events and climate change in general, as compared to thinking about the future in a general, abstract manner semantic future thinking We also tested whether this effect is moderated by how easy it is to imagine the specific climate-related risk event initially Participants were randomly assigned to an episodic future thinking-condition or a semantic future thinking-condition, and two of the risk events in each condition were related to flooding difficult to imagine and two were related to extreme temperature easy to imagine The results show no main effect of episodic future thinking on perceived risk, and no interaction effect with imaginability