We estimated a median of 664 s of transcribing each e-prescription The median NDC score increased by 686 after transcription 2612 vs 4403, p less then 0001, which indicated a significant readability improvement In our sample, 514 of patient directions on e-prescriptions contained at least one pre-defined direction quality issue Pharmacy staff corrected 795 of the quality issues Conclusion Pharmacy staff put significant effort into transcribing e-prescription directions Manual transcription removed the majority of quality issues; however, pharmacy staff still miss or introduce following their manual transcription processes The development of tools and techniques such as a comprehensive set of structured direction components or machine learning-based natural language processing techniques may help produce clear directionsPersonalized cancer immunotherapy targeting patient-specific cancer/testis antigens CTA and neoantigens may benefit from large-scale tumor human leukocyte antigen HLA peptidome immunopeptidome analysis, which aims to accurately identify antigens presented by tumor cells While significant efforts have been invested in analyzing the HLA peptidomes of fresh tumors, it is often impossible to obtain sufficient volumes of tumor tissues for comprehensive HLA peptidome characterization This work attempted to overcome some of these obstacles by using patient-derived xenograft tumors PDX in mice as the tissue sources for HLA peptidome analysis PDX tumors provide a proxy for the expansion of the patient tumor by re-grafting them through several passages to immune-compromised mice The HLA peptidomes of human biopsies were compared to those derived from PDX tumors Larger HLA peptidomes were obtained from the significantly larger PDX tumors as compared to the patient biopsies The HLA peptidomes of different PDX tumors derived from the same source tumor biopsy were very reproducible, even following subsequent passages to new naïve mice  https//wwwselleckchemcom/products/ve-822html  A large number of CTA-derived HLA peptides were discovered, as well as several potential neoantigens/variant sequences Taken together, the use of PDX tumors for HLA peptidome analysis serves as a highly expandable and stable source of reproducible and authentic peptidomes, opening up new opportunities for defining large HLA peptidomes when only small tumor biopsies are available This approach provides a large source for tumor antigens identification, potentially useful for personalized immunotherapyThe European Respiratory Society ERS/European Society of Thoracic Surgeons ESTS/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery EACTS/European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology ESTRO task force brought together experts to update previous 2009 ERS/ESTS guidelines on management of malignant pleural mesothelioma MPM, a rare cancer with globally poor outcome, after a systematic review of the 2009-2018 literature The evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach The evidence syntheses were discussed and recommendations formulated by this multidisciplinary group of experts link2 Diagnosis pleural biopsies remain the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis, usually obtained by thoracoscopy but occasionally via image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy in cases of pleural symphysis or poor performance status Pathology standard staining procedures are insufficient in ∼10 of cases, justifying the use of specific markers, including BAP-1 and CDKN2A p16 for the separation of atypical mesothelial proliferation from MPM Staging in the absence of a uniform, robust and validated staging system, we advise using the most recent 2016 8th TNM tumour, node, metastasis classification, with an algorithm for pre-therapeutic assessment Monitoring patient's performance status, histological subtype and tumour volume are the main prognostic factors of clinical importance in routine MPM management Other potential parameters should be recorded at baseline and reported in clinical trials Treatment chemotherapy has limited efficacy in MPM patients and only selected patients are candidates for radical surgery New promising targeted therapies, immunotherapies and strategies have been reviewed Because of limited data on the best combination treatment, we emphasise that patients who are considered candidates for a multimodal approach, including radical surgery, should be treated as part of clinical trials in MPM-dedicated centresThere is a concern that as a result of COVID-19 there will be a shortage of ventilators for patients requiring respiratory support This concern has resulted in significant debate about whether it is appropriate to withdraw ventilation from one patient in order to provide it to another patient who may benefit more The current advice available to doctors appears to be inconsistent, with some suggesting withdrawal of treatment is more serious than withholding, while others suggest that this distinction should not be made We argue that there is no ethically relevant difference between withdrawing and withholding treatment and that suggesting otherwise may have problematic consequences If doctors are discouraged from withdrawing treatment, concern about a future shortage may make them reluctant to provide ventilation to patients who are unlikely to have a successful outcome This may result in underutilisation of available resources A national policy is urgently required to provide doctors with guidance about how patients should be prioritised to ensure the maximum benefit is derived from limited resourcesPilocytic astrocytomas PAs as well as other pediatric low-grade gliomas pLGGs exhibit genetic events leading to aberrant activation of the MAPK pathway The most common alterations are KIAA1549BRAF fusions, BRAFV600E and NF1 mutations Novel drugs targeting the MAPK pathway MAPKi are prime candidates for the treatment of these single-pathway diseases We aimed to develop an assay suitable for pre-clinical testing of MAPKi in pLGGs with the goal to identify novel MAPK pathway suppressing synergistic drug combinations A reporter plasmid pDIPZ with a MAPK-responsive ELK-1-binding element driving the expression of destabilized firefly luciferase was generated and packaged using a lentiviral vector system Pediatric glioma cell lines with a BRAF fusion DKFZ-BT66 and a BRAFV600E mutation BT-40 background, respectively, were stably transfected Modulation of the MAPK pathway activity by MAPKi was measured using the luciferase reporter and validated by detection of phosphorylated protein levels A screen of a MAPKi library was performed and synergy of selected combinations was calculated link3 Screening of a MAPKi library revealed MEK inhibitors as the class inhibiting the pathway with the lowest IC50s, followed by ERK and next-generation RAF inhibitors Combination treatments with different MAPKi classes showed synergistic effects in BRAF fusion as well as BRAFV600E mutation backgrounds We here report a novel reporter assay for medium- to high-throughput pre-clinical drug testing in pLGG cell lines The assay confirmed MEK, ERK and next-generation RAF inhibitors as potential treatment approaches for KIAA1549BRAF and BRAFV600E mutated pLGGs In addition, the assay revealed that combination treatments synergistically suppressed MAPK pathway activityGlycosylation is a complex multi-enzyme related process which is frequently deregulated in cancer Aberrant glycosylation can lead to the generation of novel tumor surface specific glycotopes that can be targeted by antibodies Murine DS6 monoclonal antibody muDS6 was generated from serous ovary adenocarcinoma immunization It recognizes CA6, a Mucin-1 MUC1 associated sialoglycotope that is highly detected in breast, ovarian, lung and bladder carcinomas SAR566658 antibody drug conjugate ADC is a humanized DS6 huDS6 antibody conjugated through a cleavable linker to the cytotoxic maytansinoid derivative drug, DM4 SAR566658 binds to tumor cells with sub-nanomolar affinity, allowing good ADC internalization and intracellular delivery of DM4, resulting in tumor cell death IC50 from 1 to 73 nM SAR566658 showed in vivo anti-tumor efficacy against CA6 positive human pancreas, cervix, bladder and ovary tumor xenografts and against 3 breast patient-derived xenografts PDX Tumor regression was observed in all tumor models with minimal effective dose correlating with CA6 expression SAR566658 displayed better efficacy than standard of care non-targeted tubulin binders This data supports the development of SAR566658 in patients with CA6 expressing tumorsLittle is known about the role of epithelial membrane protein-2 EMP2 in breast cancer development or progression In this study, we tested the hypothesis that EMP2 may regulate the formation or self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells BCSC in the tumor microenvironment In silico analysis of gene expression data demonstrated a correlation of EMP2 expression with known metastasis related genes and markers of cancer stem cells CSC including aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH In breast cancer cell lines, EMP2 overexpression increased and EMP2 knockdown decreased the proportion of stem-like cells as assessed by the expression of the CSC markers CD44+/CD24-, ALDH activity, or by tumor sphere formation In vivo, upregulation of EMP2 promoted tumor growth while knockdown reduced the ALDHhigh CSC population as well as retarded tumor growth Mechanistically, EMP2 functionally regulated the response to hypoxia through the upregulation of HIF-1a, a transcription factor previously shown to regulate the self-renewal of ALDHhigh CSC Furthermore, in syngeneic mouse models and primary human tumor xenografts, mAbs directed against EMP2 effectively targeted CSC, reducing the ALDH+ population and blocking their tumor initiating capacity when implanted into secondary untreated mice Collectively, our results show that EMP2 increases the proportion of tumor initiating cells providing a rationale for the continued development of EMP2 targeting agentsObjectives High-protein parenteral nutrition PN has been developed to counteract muscle loss in patients with cancer treated with PN Nevertheless, it is not clear if high-protein PN is as safe as standard PN in patients with palliative cancer Our primary aim was to compare the proportion of patients with elevated liver enzymes between high-protein and standard PN in patients with palliative cancer enrolled to Medical Home Care Our secondary aim was to compare the two treatments with regard to weight and albumin levels during treatment Methods Medical records from 2016 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed to identify palliative cancer patients that had received PN for more than 3 weeks Data on weight, height, albumin, liver enzymes, socioeconomic factors and dietitian consultations were collected at baseline and after 3-8 weeks of PN treatment The odds of having elevated liver enzymes or having a maintained weight and/or stable albumin levels were calculated using logistic regression Results 20 patients treated with high-protein PN were compared with 104 patients treated with standard PN Patients treated with high-protein PN had a significantly higher weight at follow-up compared with patients treated with standard PN p less then 005 There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with elevated liver enzymes OR 020; 95 CI 002 to 186, or maintained weight and/or albumin levels OR 162; 95 CI 046 to 576 between high-protein and standard PN Conclusion High-protein PN was as safe, and at least as effective, as standard PN to patients with palliative cancer