DSC of the apparent melt of non-capsulated CMF and encapsulated forms MCMF and NCMF in sodium alginate gel and beads was studied Results showed that melting point of CMF extract 8617 °C indicating its inability whereas the MCMF and NCMF melting points 22645 and 38387 °C, respectively demonstrating the capability of expending alginate - packaging material to shield the vital active compounds of C myxa fruit to be applied in different targeted delivery products especially that disclosed to high thermal treatmentsCyanidin-3-glucoside C3Ghv compounds were purified and isolated from the anthocyanins extract of Haematocarpus validus C3Ghv were studied for antioxidant and cytoprotective properties on pancreatic β-cells of rat insulinoma cells RINm5F against the oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin STZ The exposure of RINm5F cells to C3Ghv at concentration of 100 and 200 μg/mL for 24 h reduced 10 and 23 cell viability, respectively, as compared to control cells The pre-treatment of RINm5F cells with C3Ghv 50 µg/mL increased the cell viability by 29 as compared to control, on being treated with STZ 10 mM for 24 h The pre-treatment of RINm5F cells with C3Ghv 50 µg/mL for 24 h followed by exposure to STZ 10 mM for 1 h decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species ROS by 57, generation of nitric oxide by 228, generation of malondialdehyde MDA by 32, the production of p-ERK ½ by 83, p-JNK by 826, p-MEK by 57, and p-p38 MAPK by 64 The C3Ghv treatment also decreased the ratio of apoptotic proteins Bax to Bcl-2 by 61, and improved the M2 phase of cell cycle by 75 as compared to STZ treated cells The overall results suggest that C3Ghv protects pancreatic β-cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, thereby implicating the significant role of C3Ghv as an antidiabetic agentThe mortality rates has been increased globally due to multidrug resistant MDR Ecoli and Abaumanii bacterial strains and also there is an emerging resistance of the Enterobacteriaceae family of bacteria to Carbapenem antibiotics CRE in Saudi Arabia The main aim of our research study is to isolate Ecoli and A baumannii bacterial species from various collected clinical samples and to evaluate the MIC and FICI of Colistin, Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem and ZnO NPs and in combination of Colistin, Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem with ZnO NPs The clinical isolated strains of A baumannii MRO-17-13 and A baumannii MRO-17-25 was found to be sensitive towards colistin with 05 μg/mL concentration, whereas, all the isolated A baumannii strains showed similar MIC value 2 mg/mL when tested with ZnO NPs, the MIC value for the ZnO NPs was found to be similar for all the Ecoli strains 025 mg/mL The effects of all Ciprofloxacin concentrations used in the study were bacteriostatic against E coli 01UR19006568-01 strain but 1 mg/mL concentration of ZnO NPs alone is showed bactericidal activity, ZnO NPs effect was found to be concentration dependent, as highest concentration of ZnO NPs showed strongest antibacterial effect In conclusion, more investigation is required to evaluate the acceptable concentration of Zno NPs and antibiotics selected to avoid toxicity and must be tested against more clinically isolated gram-negative bacterial strainsThe nasal septal island NSI is a sensory patch of neuroepithelium located within the soft tissue of the nasal septum in dromedaries The island has unique anatomical features, including the specialized subepithelial glands The aim of the present study was to describe the microscopic features and ultrastructure of these subepithelial glands and to speculate the possible functions A total of 10 camel heads were used for the study Unlike the serous and mucous airway glands, the NSI glands' ultrastructural features were typical for cells of the Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation, APUD system These features were included, membrane bound secretory vesicles of varying electron density, smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the form of vesicles; electron dense mitochondria, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes Alcian-PAS identifiable mucus granules were not observed, except for few clusters of cells, located at the luminal surface The probable functions were discussed on basis of cellular morphology and context In a conclusion, the NSI subepithelial glands in dromedaries had unique anatomical structures, and as many other APUD cells, they had the machinery required for synthesis of a variable number of biologically active peptides, amines and chemical mediatorsSalinity is one of the major agricultural concern that significantly limits the crop productivity The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria PGPR may contribute in sustainable crop production under salt stress The current study was designed to isolate the Indole Acetic Acid IAA producing salt tolerant PGPR to promote the growth of cotton Gossypium hirsutum, FH-142 and induce its salt stress tolerance Ten Salt Tolerant ST bacterial strains were screened for their PGP trait in vitro and evaluated for their beneficial effect on cotton plants growth by plant-microbe interaction assay in lab and under natural condition GC-MS analysis of the metabolites of the selected bacterial strains confirmed the presence of indolic compounds like indole, indole-3-butyramide, benzylmalonic acid and 4-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone The bacterial isolates ST4, ST5, ST6, ST15, ST16, ST17, ST18, ST20, ST22 and ST25 were identified as Bacillus sp, B sonorensis, B cereus, B subtilis, Brevibacillus sp B safensis, B paramycoides, Bacillus sp, B cereus and B tequilensis respectively on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing Bacteria inoculated plants had a significant P less then 005 increase in percentage germination up to 31, root length 17 and shoot length 34 in lab while in wire house pot experiments, maximum enhancement in root length 31 and shoot length 29 was observed ST bacterial strains inoculation improved the chlorophyll content index 34, relative water content 36, leaf area 33, absorption of K+ 28 and decreased the uptake of Na+ 58 from soil in plants under salt stress over control in pot experiment These ST PGPR have the potential to act as plant defense agents by enhancing plant growth, productivity, and tolerance in saline environmentAvian influenza AI is a respiratory disease complex syndrome recently recorded in vaccinated flocks causing high economic losses This study aimed to prepare inactivated vaccine from recently isolated field strains [highly pathogenic avian influenza HPAI H5N8 and low pathogenic avian influenza LPAI H9N2] and compare the efficiency of the two experimental avian influenza vaccines and some commercial avian influenza H5 and H9N2 vaccines in laying hens The obtained results indicated that the identified experimental vaccines H5N8 and H9N2 were protected the flocks from AI as compared to commercial H5N1, H5N3, and H9N2 vaccines, which showed a protection level of 80, 70, and 90, respectively, indicating a high efficacy for the developed vaccines In addition, it significantly improved the virus shedding, especially when used in booster dose The experimental vaccines were given high antibody titer higher than commercial vaccine which was reached to 93 log2, 97log2 for experimental H5N8 vaccine which was significantly higher than and groups 3 and 4 especially at 2nd WPV, while at the 3rd WPV, the significant difference was with group 4 only The HI titer was 93 log2 at 2nd WPV for the experimental H9N2 vaccine that was significantly higher than group 9 In conclusion, the booster dose of the experimental vaccines could elicit strong immunity than single-dose and commercial vaccinesCaesalpinia digyna Rottl Family Fabaceae is well known for its numerous medicinal values against several human disorders including fever, senile pruritis, diarrhea, tuberculosis, tonic disorder, diabetes, etc The current study is intended to investigate the in vivo antipyretic activity of the methanol extract of C digyna leaves MECD and its carbon-tetrachloride CTCD and butanol fraction BTCD Besides, in silico molecular docking and ADME/T profiling of the selective identified bioactive compounds of C digyna has been also studied to validate the experimental outcomes and establish a better insight into the possible receptor-ligand interaction affinity  https//wwwselleckchemcom/products/sotrastaurin-aeb071html  In vivo antipyretic activity of MECD, CTCD and BTCD were evaluated by employing yeast induced pyrexia technique in mice model and in silico analysis of the identified compounds of C digyna has been implemented using PyRx autodock vina, Discovery Studio 2020, UCSF Chimera software and ADME/T online tools MECD and BTCD unveiled significant antipyretic activity in dose dependent manner whereas, CTCD failed to exhibit significant antipyretic activity Comparing to other test sample, MECD 400 mg/kg; bw p less then 0001 displayed maximum inhibition of pyrexia In molecular docking approach, docking score between -660 to -1020 kcal/mol have been revealed Besides, in ADME/T analysis, no compound violated the lipiniski's 5 rules and displayed any toxicity Biological and computational approaches ascertain the ethno-botanical use of C digyna as a good agent against pyrexia and the compounds of C digyna are primarily proved as safe Hereafter, further analysis is suggested to validate this researchThe paracetamol-induced injuries of liver and kidneys in animals are mostly used to screen out the hepato and nephroprotective effect of extract or other therapeutic agents In the present study total phenolic and flavonoid contents, in vitro antioxidant, and in vivo hepato/nephroprotective on paracetamol-induced intoxication in experimental rabbits potentials of the Daphne mucronata leaves methanolic extract were determined For the identification of possible phytochemicals, HPLC high performance liquid chromatography analysis was carried out and a total of eight phenolic compounds; malic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, morin, ellagic acid, and rutin were identified D mucronata extract at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight were given for eight days to paracetamol intoxicated rabbits and the observed results were compared with standard Silymarin The level of liver enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, serum bilirubin, and kidneys biomarkers like serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine, as well as lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde contents were increased while the antioxidant enzymes like reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity were decreased Furthermore, histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney tissues of control and treated groups also confirmed the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effect of the D mucronata which was most probably due to its high antioxidant phenolic and flavonoid phytoconstituentsCancer is a devastating and aggressive disease that is globally ranked as the second-leading cause of deaths despite the relentless efforts being directed towards the discovery of novel chemotherapeutic drugs Plants naturally produce a plethora of secondary metabolites that play a crucial role as effective therapeutic agents Cancer treatment rely primarily on chemo- and radio-therapeutic strategies that suffers from known side effects Recently, the strategy of controlling cancer progression by use of plant-derived natural products have extensively attracted research interests In this study, the antioxidant and anticancer activities of the methanolic extract of Calligonum comosum MeCc fruit hairs were investigated According to DPPH and ABTS assays, MeCc exhibited potent antioxidant capacity as it displayed significant free-radical scavenging activity Results of the MTT cytotoxicity assay revealed that the MeCc exhibited potent anti-proliferation activity IC50 = 104 µg/ml that is specific against human hepatocarcinoma cells HepG2, as only marginally harmful effect against non-cancerous control BJ-1 cells was detected