Disruption of lysosomal homeostasis contributes to the tubulopathy of diabetic nephropathy; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear Herein, we report that decreased activity of transcription factor EB TFEB is responsible for the disturbed lysosome biogenesis and clearance in this pathological process This was confirmed by the findings that insufficient lysosomal replenishment and damaged lysosomal clearance coincided with TFEB inactivation, which was mediated by mTOR hyperactivation in the renal tubular epithelial cells TECs of diabetic nephropathy Furthermore, either TFEB overexpression or pharmacological activation of TFEB enhanced lysosomal clearance via promoting lysosomal biogenesis and protected TECs by reducing apoptosis in vitro In addition, pharmacological activation of TFEB attenuated renal tubule injury, apoptosis, and inflammation in db/db mice In conclusion, diabetes-induced mTOR activation represses TFEB function, thereby perturbing lysosomal homeostasis through impairing lysosomal biogenesis and clearance in TECs Moreover, TFEB activation protects TECs from diabetic injuries via restoring lysosomal homeostasisOsteoporosis can be caused by a multitude of factors and is defined by a decrease in bone density and mass caused by the destruction of bone microstructure, resulting in increased bone brittleness Thus, it is a systemic bone disease in which patients are prone to fracture The role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis has become a topic of growing interest In this review, we discuss the cell morphology, basic mechanisms of ferroptosis, the relationship between ferroptosis and osteoclasts and osteoblasts, as well as the relationship between ferroptosis and diabetic osteoporosis, steroid-induced osteoporosis, and postmenopausal osteoporosis Emerging biomedical research has provided new insights into the roles of ferroptosis and osteoporosis, such as in cellular function, signaling pathways, drug inhibition, and gene silencing The pathophysiology and mechanism of ferroptosis and osteoporosis need to be further studied and elucidated to broaden our understanding of iron metabolism and immune regulation Studies using animal models of osteoporosis in vivo and cell models in vitro will help clarify the relationship between ferroptosis and osteoporosis and provide research ideas for the elucidation of new mechanisms and development of new technologies and new drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis in the futureEupatilin 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone is a pharmacologically active flavone that has been isolated from a variety of medicinal plants and possesses a number of pharmacological properties This study evaluates the antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of eupatilin on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity using in vitro and in vivo models including HEI-OC1 cells, cochlear hair cells, and zebrafish Employing a CCK8 assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, we found that eupatilin significantly alleviated cisplatin-induced apoptosis and increased hair cell viability The level of reactive oxygen species ROS was evaluated by CellROX green and MitoSOX Red staining The results showed that eupatilin possesses antioxidant activity MitoTracker Red staining indicated that eupatilin remarkably decreased mitochondrial damage Furthermore, we demonstrated that eupatilin protects hair cells from cisplatin-induced damage Mechanistic studies in cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 cells revealed that eupatilin promoted Bcl-2 expression, downregulated Bax expression, reversed the increase in caspase-3 and PARP activity, and reduced the expression of phosphorylated p38 and JNK Our data suggest a novel role for eupatilin as a protective agent against ototoxic drug-induced hair cell apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation and modulating mitochondrial-related apoptosisCrystalline KOH undergoes an antiferroelectric AFE proton ordering phase transition at low temperatures, which results in a monoclinic bilayer structure held together by a network of weak hydrogen bonds HBs The Curie temperature shifts up when the compound is deuterated, an effect that classical MD is not able to catch For deeper insights into the transition mechanism, we carry out ab initio MD simulations of KOH and KOD crystals by including quantum effects on the nuclei through Feynman path integrals The geometric isotope effect and the evolution of the lattice parameters with temperature agree with the experimental data, while the purely classical description is not appropriate Our results show that deuteration strengthens the HBs in the low-T AFE ordered phase The transition is characterized by the flipping of OH/OD groups along a bending mode Above the transition, the system is driven into a dynamical disordered paraelectric phase
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of breathing exercise using bubble blower on anxiety and pain during inferior alveolar nerve block IANB in children aged 7 to 10 years
 
  In this randomized crossover clinical trial, thirty-five children with moderate to severe anxiety requiring bilateral pulp therapy of mandibular primary molars were enrolled Based on random lists, 18 children received the BE + IANB and 17 children received a routine IANB at the first session This trend became reverse at the second visit for each ***** Anxiety was measured using Facial Image Scale FIS, blood pressure, and pulse rate Face Leg Activity Cry Consolability FLACC scale and Wong-Baker Facial Pain Scale WBFPS were used for pain measurement The Paired Samples Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and Interclass Correlation Coefficient were used for data analysis
 
  The means of FLACC, WBFPS, FIS, blood pressure, and pulse rate were higher at the control visit However, these differences were statistically significant only for FLACC scale and WBFPS 
  value lt;005 In subgroup analysis, only girls and children without any previous dental treatment showed significant differences in FLACC scale and WBFPS between the control and bubble blower side 
  value lt;005
 
  Breathing exercise using a bubble blower may be an efficient distraction and relaxation method to decrease pain of 7- to 10-year-old children with moderate to severe anxiety during inferior alveolar nerve block However, anxiety levels were lower when applying BE, and the differences were not statistically significant
 Breathing exercise using a bubble blower may be an efficient distraction and relaxation method to decrease pain of 7- to 10-year-old children with moderate to severe anxiety during inferior alveolar nerve block However, anxiety levels were lower when applying BE, and the differences were not statistically significant
  Both 
  and human adenovirus HAdV are common causative agents of lower respiratory tract infection in children; nonetheless, the lung microbiota in patients with coinfection of HAdV and 
  remain unexplored
 
  Thirty-two children, diagnosed with refractory 
  pneumonia RMPP, entered into the one-year study from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020 Among them, twenty-one entered into the 
  monoinfection MP group and eleven entered into the 
  and HAdV coinfection MPamp;ADV group The characteristics of the clinical findings were examined, and the lung microbiota was analyzed by metagenomic next generation sequencing mNGS
 
  Eleven patients in the MPamp;ADV group were coinfected with 
   The fever days lasted for significantly longer periods in the MPamp;ADV group than in the MP group 
  lt; 005 The percentage of CD16
  CD56
  cells was significantly higher in the MPamp;ADV group than that in the MP group 
  lt; 005 There were no significant differences in 
  -diversity between the MP and MPamp;ADV groups, but the 
  -diversity was clearly higher in the MPamp;ADV group than that in the MP group 
  lt; 005 At the microbial level, the top phylum of the MP BALF microbiota was 
  ; in contrast, it was 
  in the MPamp;ADV BALF There were significant differences in the relative abundance of 
  and 
  between the two groups 
  lt; 0001 There was a strong positive correlation between 
  and fever days, 
  and level of IgA, and a strong negative correlation between 
  and PCT
 
  In RMPP, the BALF microbiota in children with mono 
  infection was simpler than those with coinfection with 
   Prolonged fever days were associated with 
  coinfection
 In RMPP, the BALF microbiota in children with mono M pneumoniae infection was simpler than those with coinfection with human mastadenovirus B Prolonged fever days were associated with human mastadenovirus B coinfectionObjectives This is an annual report indicating the number and early clinical results of annual vascular treatment performed by vascular surgeon in Japan in 2016, as analyzed by database management committee DBC members of the JSVS Materials and Methods To survey the current status of vascular treatments performed by vascular surgeons in Japan, the DBC members of the JSVS analyzed the vascular treatment data provided by the National Clinical Database NCD, including the number of treatments and early results such as operative and hospital mortality Results In total 136,414 vascular treatments were registered by 1,070 institutions in 2016 This database is composed of 7 fields including treatment of aneurysms, chronic arterial occlusive disease, acute arterial occlusive disease, vascular injury, complication of previous vascular reconstruction, venous diseases, and other vascular treatments The number of vascular treatments in each field was 21,653, 17,560, 4,983, 2,557, 846, 54,462 and 34,353, respectivear access operations and 1,411 lower limb amputation surgeries were included Conclusions The number of vascular treatments increased since 2011, and the proportion of endovascular procedures increased in almost all field of vascular diseases, especially EVAR for AAA, EVT for chronic arterial occlusive disease, and EVLA for varicose veins This is a translation of Jpn J Vasc Surg 2021; 30 23-41Ductus arteriosus aneurysm DAA is rarely encountered in adults There have been several hypotheses regarding its origin and potential indications for intervention in asymptomatic cases If left untreated, rupture, compression of surrounding organs, and serious complications due to thromboembolism may occur, and aggressive surgical intervention appears desirable for patients who can tolerate surgery We report a case involving a 30-mm, saccular, patent DAA that was incidentally discovered in a 49-year-old man on computed tomography Open repair was performed by femorofemoral bypass assistance, which allowed decompression of the aorta and aneurysm and successful closure of the aortic and pulmonary artery endsA 75-year-old man with an abdominal aortic aneurysm underwent endovascular aortic repair EVAR using an AFX2 endograft with no endoleaks Nevertheless, the aneurysmal sac increased by 8 mm at 24 months after EVAR despite no detectable endoleaks Open surgical treatment was performed because of the risk of rupture Intraoperative findings of much viscous cloudy fluid with no blood flow in the sac suggested that perigraft seroma resulted in sac enlargement  https//wwwselleckchemcom/products/cx-5461html  The endografts were replaced by a Dacron graft Perigraft seroma should be considered as a cause of sac growth after EVAR with AFX2 when there are no detectable endoleaks