004; 95CI -0006 to -0003, was higher in urban areas Coefficient 0008; 95CI 0002 to 0014, had a direct association with axial length, and had an indirect association with lens thickness, central corneal thickness, and anterior chamber depth
 
  The cornea had a prolate shape in children and eccentricity value decreased with age The results of this study add to the existing knowledge and can be used in differentiating normal from abnormal corneal shapes in children
 The cornea had a prolate shape in children and eccentricity value decreased with age The results of this study add to the existing knowledge and can be used in differentiating normal from abnormal corneal shapes in childrenMalaysia, also known as a food haven, is currently facing an excessive food waste problem which poses a threat to the environment The objective of this research is to study the factors that affect the behavioral intention of Malaysians to reduce food waste This study employs the Theory of Planned Behavior TPB and the Norm Activation Model NAM to better understand the behavioral intention of Malaysians toward reducing food waste A cross-sectional study was conducted, using 352 self-administered survey questionnaires Data collected were analyzed through PLS-SEM analysis The results show that awareness of consequences AC and ascription of responsibility AR influence personal norms, while attitude, perceived behavioral control, and personal norms PN have significant effect on behavioral intention BI to reduce food waste Furthermore, PN partially mediates the relationship between AC and BI as well as AR and BI This study offers critical insights which will benefit the Malaysian Government, Non-Governmental Organizations NGOs, and other related parties in recognizing factors influencing the intention to reduce food waste which can be adopted to develop practical solutions to curb food waste in MalaysiaImplications This study offers critical insights to the Malaysian Government, non-governmental organizations NGOs, and other related parties in recognizing factors influencing the intention to reduce food waste which can be adopted to develop practical solutions to curb food waste in MalaysiaPurpose To investigate the effect of microalbuminuria MA on superficial vessel density SVD, deep vessel density DVD, and choriocapillaris vessel density CVD in type-2 diabetic patientsMethods Twenty patients without diabetic retinopathy DR and MA group 1, 20 patients without DR but with MA group 2 and 30 patients with mild DR and MA group 3 were enrolled in this prospective and cross-sectional study SVD, DVD, and CVD of all patients were screened with optical coherence tomography angiography OCTA The relationships between these values and age, diabetes duration and metabolic parameters were also evaluatedResults The whole macular SVD value was 5015 ± 452 in group 1 and 4781 ± 412 in group 2 p = 04 The whole macular DVD value was 4766 ± 276 in group 1, 4437 ± 339 in group 3 p = 02 Parafoveal DVD value was 5258 ± 347 in group 1, 5184 ± 223 in group 2, and 4923 ± 338 in group 3 p G1amp;3 = 001, p G2amp;3 = 02 Perifoveal DVD value was 4792 ± 330 in group 1, 4396 ± 419 in group 2, and 4285 ± 298 in group 3 p G1amp;2 = 02 and p G1amp;3 less then 001 There were inverse correlations between diabetes duration, urea, creatinine, albumin, urinary sodium and some DVD values p less then 05, for all Also, there were inverse correlations between parafoveal and perifoveal DVD values and MA p = 002 and p = 031 Additionally, inverse correlations were determined between diabetes duration, creatinine, urea, serum Na and some CVD values p less then 05 for allConclusion Decreased SVD and DVD values measured by OCTA in type-2 diabetic patients, whether they have mild DR or not, may be associated with MA causing early retinal microvascular changesDespite disproportionately high rates of Hepatitis C HCV among people who inject drugs PWID in low- and middle-income countries LMICs, understanding of HCV-related knowledge, attitudes and perceived risk behaviours among this population remains limited We aimed to elucidate knowledge, attitudes and experiences that could minimise transmission risk and maximise HCV treatment engagement among PWID in Kenya following the integration of HCV screening and education with needle and syringe programmes in drop-in-centres DICs We recruited 40 PWID with chronic HCV attending DICs in Nairobi and Coastal Kenya Semi-structured interviews revealed a general understanding of HCV and awareness of HCV risk behaviours among participants; however, many felt limited control over their transmission risk due to factors such as 'local doctors', or individuals who perform a high volume of high-risk injections Financial barriers, distance to clinic, poor health status and HCV-related stigma were all noted as barriers to HCV treatment In conclusion, basic knowledge of and motivation for HCV treatment among PWID accessing DICs in Kenya was high; however, structural barriers and stigma complicate access to care Local education programmes can address knowledge gaps, and behavioural and structural interventions can maximise the impact of HCV care in LMICsTechnological advances provide a number of options for glaucoma monitoring outside the office setting, including home-based tonometry and perimetry This has the potential to revolutionize management of this chronic disease, improve access to care, and enhance patient engagement Here, we provide an overview of existing technologies for home-based glaucoma monitoring We also discuss areas for future research and the potential applications of these technologies to telemedicine, which has been brought to the forefront during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic
  Although oesophageal motor disorders OMDs are frequent in systemic sclerosis SSc, the frequency of associated endoscopic lesions is unknown We aimed at assessing the presence of endoscopic lesions in SSc patients with OMD The secondary objective was to identify the clinical and serological profile of such patients
 
  This retrospective study included SSc patients suffering from OMD diagnosed by oesophageal high-resolution manometry OHRM and with recent upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy UGIE Clinical data collected were age, gender, body mass index, SSc disease duration, tobacco, SSc cutaneous type, non-digestive SSc visceral disorders, oesophageal symptoms, serological profile autoantibodies, proton pump inhibitor use, time between SSc diagnosis and UGIE
 
  53 selected patients from 210 SSc patients investigated by OHRM in our department were included Among these patients, 25 472 had endoscopic lesions 18 346 had oesophagitis and 7 135 had Barrett's oesophagus The only two parameters significantly associated with endoscopic lesions were a shorter disease duration 6 vs 11 years; 
   = 002 and a shorter delay between SSc diagnosis and UGIE 3 vs 85 years; 
   = 002 No other clinical or biological parameters could help identify the patients at risk of endoscopic lesion
 
  In our study, only a shorter disease duration and a shorter delay between SSc diagnosis and UGIE were significantly associated with the presence of endoscopic lesions in patients with OMD, but no other parameters were identified This study highlights the need to perform UGIE in SSc patients with OMD whatever their clinical symptoms
 In our study, only a shorter disease duration and a shorter delay between SSc diagnosis and UGIE were significantly associated with the presence of endoscopic lesions in patients with OMD, but no other parameters were identified This study highlights the need to perform UGIE in SSc patients with OMD whatever their clinical symptoms
  To investigate Finnish dentists' knowledge on and means of recording, detecting and diagnosing erosive tooth wear ETW Treatment options and possible differences in treatment decisions between general and specialized dentists were also evaluated
 
  An electronic questionnaire was sent by e-mail to 3664 Finnish dentists Respondents' gender, age, work experience, field of specialty, and practice location were requested The questionnaire also included a patient case where the dentists were asked about their choice of treatment  https//wwwselleckchemcom/products/mt-802html  Statistical analyses were performed using means, proportions, and cross tabulations
 
  Response rate was 24 
   = 866 Almost all respondents 980 recorded ETW in patient files, but only 41 used a detailed scoring system Of the respondents, 644 usually found the cause of ETW Use of carbonated beverages 843, energy drinks 570, and reflux disease 531 were reported to be probable causes The majority of the respondents 809 usually assessed patient's dietary history while 19 evaluated saliva secretion rate When asked about treatment decisions of ETW patients, the differences between general dentists and specialized dentists were not as obvious as hypothesized
 
  This study suggests that the Finnish dentists who participated in this survey are able to detect and/or diagnose erosive tooth wear, but there is variation in recording it The differences in treatment decisions between general dentists and specialized dentists seem to be moderate The treatment practices for ETW are not established and further research to create clinical guidelines seems to be needed
 This study suggests that the Finnish dentists who participated in this survey are able to detect and/or diagnose erosive tooth wear, but there is variation in recording it The differences in treatment decisions between general dentists and specialized dentists seem to be moderate The treatment practices for ETW are not established and further research to create clinical guidelines seems to be needed
  In health care workers SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be an occupational health risk, often associated with transmission between health care workers Yet, insufficient information on transmission dynamics has been presented to elucidate the precise risk factors for contracting SARS-CoV-2 in this group
 
  In this cross-sectional study, we investigated association between questionnaire answers on potential exposure situations and SARS-CoV-2-positivity Health care workers with and without COVID-19-patient contact at nine units at Skåne University Hospitals in Malmö and Lund, Sweden and university employees from Lund University, Sweden were enrolled To limit impact of health care worker to health care worker transmission, units with known outbreaks were excluded A SARS-CoV-2-positive case was defined by a previous positive PCR or anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the 
  
 
  SARS-CoV-2-positivity was detected in 11/51 22 health care workers in COVID-19-units, 10/220 5 in non-COVID-19-units and 11/192 6 University ed previous findings of elevated risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers in COVID-19-units, despite exclusion of units with known outbreaks Interestingly, health care workers in non-COVID-19-units had similar risk as University employees Further measures to improve the safety of health care workers might be neededKEY POINTSPrevious findings of elevated risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers with COVID-19 patient contact was confirmed, despite exclusion of wards with known SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks Further measures to improve the safety of health care workers might be needed