Infectious diseases caused by fungi and bacteria are among the major causes of illness and death worldwide This is mainly implicated by the antimicrobial resistance of the current treatment regimens Since plant products are house stores of bioactive compounds, it is essential to screen plant-based antimicrobials to come up with novel medicines that counter the grave consequences of antimicrobial resistance In the folk medicine of Ethiopia, Aloe megalacantha is used for the treatment of wound, dandruff, malaria, diabetes, impotence, colon cleansing, amoeba, ascariasis, abdominal pain, urine retention, snake bite, and evil eye Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal effects of the leaf exudate of Aloe megalacantha Agar well diffusion was employed to determine the antibacterial and antifungal effects Six bacterial strains, namely, S aureus standard, S aureus clinical isolate, E coli ATCC 25922 standard, E coli clinical isolate, K pneumoniae standard, and P aeruginosa ATCC 27853 standard, and four fungal strains such as C albicans, C glabrata, C tropicalis, and C krusei were studied The leaf exudate showed the highest activity against C krusei with an average zone diameter of 2249 ± 047 mm at 400 mg/mL Among the bacterial species, S aureus ATCC 29213 standard was the most sensitive with an average zone of diameter of 1663 ± 012 mm at 200 mg/mL Thus, the present findings support the folklore use of Aloe megalacantha for the treatment of different microbial infections
  The World Health Organization recommends that all children below the age of five who have household contact with an infectious tuberculosis case should receive isoniazid preventive treatment for at least six months after the active tuberculosis disease has been ruled out This research aims to determine the adherence of children, eligible for isoniazid preventive treatment, to the treatment who had contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients
 
  A mixed study design was used to prospectively assess the adherence to IPT among children under the age of 5 in contact with pulmonary TB patients through the quantitative study design and barriers of adherence in view of health care professionals and the family of children through a descriptive qualitative study The study was conducted from July 2019 to December 2019 in Addis Ababa Data were collected by a structured datasheet from the selected health center registration book Data were entered into Epi Data software and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 Descript and safety of preventive therapy in young children among families of TB patients, and awareness-creating efforts by health extension workers will help to improve the outcomes
 Enrolment of eligible children for isoniazid preventive treatment in the urban city Addis Ababa was still below the target of the World Health Organization End tuberculosis strategy by 2030 The treatment adherence rate also needs a great deal of effort to achieve the strategy ***** default after the first visit indicates a lack of understanding about the benefit and safety of preventive therapy in young children among families of TB patients, and awareness-creating efforts by health extension workers will help to improve the outcomes
  The two major comrbidities anemia and poor nutrition are common manifestations of HIV-infected children, which threaten their lives In Ethiopia, there is limited information on the magnitude and factors associated with anemia among HIV-infected children  https//wwwselleckchemcom/products/gbd-9html  Thus, this study was aimed to determine the magnitude and factors associated with anemia among HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy in the Afar region, Ethiopia
 
  A cross-sectional retrospective record review was conducted on a sample size of 102 HIV-infected children aged 6 months to lt; 15 years in selected ART sites of the Afar region from May 1 to 25, 2018 Patient cards from 2009 to 2017 with the required information were considered A paired sample 
  -test was used to assess whether there is a significant difference in the hemoglobin level before and after the HAART regimen Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of anemia Statistical significance was determined at
  value lt; 005
 
  At baseline, 5onal status stunting, WHO clinical stage, and history of ANC follow-up were the predictors significantly associated with childhood anemia Thus, interventions for HIV-infected children should consider those factors
 The magnitude of anemia among HIV-infected children was found to be high, which is 539 Nutritional status stunting, WHO clinical stage, and history of ANC follow-up were the predictors significantly associated with childhood anemia Thus, interventions for HIV-infected children should consider those factorsIn recent years, the green synthesis of nanoparticles via biological processes has attracted considerable attention Herein, we introduce a facile and green approach for the synthesis of poriferous silver nanoparticles Ag-NPs decorated hydroxylapatite HApAg nanoparticles with excellent antibacterial properties All the nanocomposites were fully characterized in the solid state via various techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy SEM, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer EDX, in which the synthesized Ag-NPs 24 nm in diameter and their homogeneous incorporation on HAp have been studied by ultraviolet-visible UV-vis technique, transmission electron microscopy TEM, and dynamic light scattering DLS analysis The obtained results indicate that the structure and morphology of HAp have no significant changes after the incorporation of Ag-NPs on its surface Moreover, an impressive antibacterial activity of HApAg nanocomposite against Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been recorded by using the agar well diffusion method As a result, the HApAg nanocomposite promises to be a great biomedical material with high antibacterial properties