Also, while extended availability after work hours yields greater WFC, this link was weaker for the employees who perceive high boundary control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.In search for new and effective treatments of breast and prostate cancer, a series of hybrid compounds based on tamoxifen, estrogens and artemisinin were successfully synthesized and analyzed towards their in vitro activities against human prostate (PC-3) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Most of the hybrid compounds exhibit a strong anti-cancer activity against both cancer cell lines e.g., EC 50 (PC-3) down to 1.07 µM and EC 50 (MCF-7) down to 2.08 µM, thus showing higher activities than their parent compounds 4-hydroxytamoxifen (Afimoxifene, 7 ) (EC 50 (PC-3) = 75.1 µM and EC 50 (MCF-7) = 19.3 µM), dihydroartemisinin ( 2 ) (EC 50 (PC-3) = 263.6 µM and EC 50 (MCF-7) = 49.3 µM) and artesunic acid ( 3 ) (EC 50 (PC-3) = 195.1 µM and EC 50 (MCF-7) = 32.0 µM). The most potent compounds were the estrogen-artemisinin hybrids 27 and 28 (EC 50 (PC-3) = 1.18 µM and 1.07 µM, correspondingly) against prostate cancer and hybrid 23 (EC 50 (MCF-7) = 2.08 µM) against breast cancer. These findings demonstrate the high potential of hybridization of artemisinin and estrogens to further improve their anticancer activities and to produce synergistic effects between linked pharmacophores. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Herein, properties of graphdiyne (GDY) such as energy gap, conductivity, morphology, and affinity to alkalis metals are efficiently adjusted through including electron withdrawing/donating groups. The experimental and theoretical results indicate that the push-pull electron ability and size differences of groups play a key role on the property adjusting of as-prepared GDY derivatives named MeGDY, HGDY, and CNGDY. Typically, cyano group with electron withdrawing ability and methyl group with electron donating characteristic have successfully reduced the band gaps and increased the conductivity of the GDY network within an obvious range. Meanwhile, the inclusion of cyano and methyl groups affects the aggregation of GDY, thus providing a higher number of micropores and specific surface area. Moreover, the fascinating properties of these groups endow the original GDY additional advantages in following aspects the stronger electronegativity of cyano groups increase the affinity of GDY frameworks to lithium atoms; the larger atomic volume of methyl groups increases the interlayer distance and provide more storage space and diffusion tunnels. These results provide an inspiring idea to design and synthesize novel functionalized GDY based materials for high stability, high conductivity and controllable functionality. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.In whisking rodents, mystacial pad is supplied with vibrissae and contains a collagenous skeleton that is a part of the snout fascia. Collagenous skeleton is built of fibrillary, spongy and tough connective tissue that splits into three interconnected layers superficial, deep spongy mesh and subcapsular fibrous mat. The integrity of the collagenous skeleton is maintained by tough follicular capsules of which ends are embedded into superficial layer and subcapsular fibrous mat. To move vibrissae, the forces of intrinsic muscles are applied directly to the capsules of the vibrissa follicles, whereas the forces of extrinsic muscles, to other parts of the collagenous skeleton which transmit the forces to the capsules. According to the spatial distribution and anchoring sites of the muscles and fascia, extrinsic muscles provide vibrissa protraction or retraction by pulling superficial layer of the collagenous skeleton rostral or caudal, respectively. Vibrissae can be also retracted when the efforts of extrinsic muscles are applied to the subcapsular fibrous mat that has a matrix composed of oriented rostro-caudal wavy fibrils. When the muscles relax, vibrissae return to their resting position. Deep spongy layer encompasses vibrissal follicles providing a uniform distribution of stresses and strains during whisking. In the mystacial pad, fascia is a dominant type of tissue that maintains integrity of the vibrissa motor plant, translates muscular momentum to the vibrissae and plays a role in vibrissae movements. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. selleck kinase inhibitor This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Colonic high-resolution manometry (HRM) has been used to reveal discrete, propagating colonic motor patterns. To help determine mechanisms underlying these patterns, we used HRM to record contractile activity in human distal colon ex vivo. METHODS Surgically excised segments of descending (n = 30) or sigmoid colon (n = 4) were immersed in oxygenated Krebs solution at 36°C (n = 34; 16 female; 67.6 ± 12.4 years; length 24.7 ± 3.5 cm). Contractility was recorded by HRM catheters. After 30 minutes of baseline recording, 0.3 mM lidocaine and/or 1 mM hexamethonium were applied. Ascending neural pathways were activated by electrical field stimulation (EFS; 10 Hz, 0.5 ms, 50 V, 5-s duration) applied to the anal end before and after drug application. RESULTS Spontaneous propagating contractions were recorded in all specimens (0.1-1.5 cycles/minute). Most contractions occurred synchronously across all recording sites. In five specimens, rhythmic antegrade contractions propagated across the full length of the preparation. EFS evoked local contractions at the site of stimulation (latency 5.5 ± 2.4 seconds) with greater amplitude than spontaneous contractions (EFS; 29.3 ± 26.9 vs 12.1 ± 14.8 mm Hg; P = .02). Synchronous or retrograde propagating motor patterns followed EFS; 71% spanned the entire preparation length. Hexamethonium and lidocaine modestly and only temporarily inhibited spontaneous contractions, whereas TTX increased the frequency of contractile activity while inhibiting EFS-evoked contractions. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Our study suggests that the propagated contractions recorded in the organ bath have a myogenic origin which can be regulated by neural input. Once activated at a local site, the contractions do not require the propulsion of fecal content to sustain long-distance propagation. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.