Hemoglobin (Hb)-F inducers are known to improve Hb level and transfusion dependence in thalassemia. This pilot study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of Hb-F inducer thalidomide compared to hydroxyurea (HU) in Hb E-β thalassemia patients. This was a prospective interventional single-centre study with 45 Hb E-beta thalassemia patients equally divided into group-I (thalidomide+folic acid), group-II (HU+folic acid) and group-III (folic acid). Response was assessed at various time intervals with 12-months follow up period. Primary end points were increment in Hb, Hb-F level and improvement in transfusion requirement; secondary end point were tolerability and safety. There was 100% responder (R Hb-increment ≥1g/dl) in group-I with 66.67% major responder (MaR Hb-increment ≥2g/dl), while there were 40% and 0% responder in group-II and III respectively. check details Hb-increment was significantly (p-value <0.0001) better in thalidomide arm compared to HU. The Hb-increment was attributable to both increase in Hb-F levels and reduction in ineffective erythropoiesis in thalidomide arm. Transfusion reduction was significantly better in group-I compared to group-II (100% vs 34%). No severe adverse effects was reported by patients of any group. Thalidomide showed a persistent significant Hb-increment and transfusion independence in Hb E-β thalassemia patients compared to HU.Thalidomide showed a persistent significant Hb-increment and transfusion independence in Hb E-β thalassemia patients compared to HU.The rising number of operational biogas plants in the UK brings a new emissions category to consider for methane monitoring, quantification and reduction. Minimising methane losses from biogas plants to the atmosphere is critical not only because of their contribution of methane to global warming but also with respect to the sustainability of renewable energy production. Mobile greenhouse gas surveys were conducted to detect plumes of methane emissions from the biogas plants in southern England that varied in their size, waste feed input materials and biogas utilization. Gaussian plume modelling was used to estimate total emissions of methane from ten biogas plants based on repeat passes through the plumes. Methane emission rates ranged from 0.1 to 58.7 kg CH4 hr-1, and the percentage of losses relative to the calculated production rate varied between 0.02 and 8.1%. The average emission rate was 15.9 kg CH4 hr-1, and the average loss was 3.7%. In general, methane emission rates from smaller farm biogas plants were higher than from larger food waste biogas plants. We also suggest that biogas methane emissions may account for between 0.4 and 3.8%, with an average being 1.9% of the total methane emissions in the UK excluding the sewage sludge biogas plants.Waste disposal and utilisation of its important components are pioneering goals for achieving sustainable development and a clean environment. Silkworm pupae (SWP) are considered a by-product of the sericulture industry and may contain a high concentration of selenium (Se) in some regions, making them a potentially hazardous waste posing health risks. This study examined six treatments of Se-rich SWP (0-100%) as a substrate for black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. Growth performance and protein content of BSF larvae were not affected by increasing SWP content. The total fat, mono-, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids in BSF pre-pupae increased with increasing SWP inclusion in the substrate, from P0 (pre-pupae fed control treatment) through P100 (pre-pupae fed 100% SWP treatment), by 18.83, 61.14, and 62.42%, respectively. The results of significance were (1) BSF pre-pupae did not accumulate Se, maintaining the same amount of Se in their bodies (~0.18 mg/kg); (2) omega-3 fatty acids represented by linolenic acid in BSF increased by 1,223.35% from P0 to P100, with 70.65% recovered from the SWP; (3) valine percentage increased in BSF compared with the percentage of SWP by 25.30%; and (4) BSF larvae were observed reducing SWP waste by more than one-third. BSF larvae can reduce the waste from sericulture industry and exploit the beneficial properties and components of SWP, converting them into safe and highly nutritious products.The eastern Mediterranean is a region that has been relatively understudied with regards to anthropogenic marine litter despite potential for environmental and social costs. Here, coastal marine litter accumulation was assessed at eight beach locations along the coast of Northern Cyprus. Monthly surveys were performed between January 2017 and January 2019. All items ≥ 2.5 cm in diameter within the same 250 m2 plot were collected and processed. A total of 59,556 separate items were collected with a total mass of 697 kg. At the worst affected site (Ronnas Bay) litter accumulation averaged 1114 items and 11.9 kg per month. Plastic and polystyrene litter accounted for 82% (622.71 kg) of all litter types by mass and 96% (57,231) by frequency. Plastic bags, plastic pieces, drinks containers, caps/lids were the four most abundant forms of plastic by mass and by frequency. This suggests dumping/poor domestic waste governance as the main driver of marine litter in the region.Recent sewage contamination in Brazilian mangrove forests was evaluated using fecal sterols as biomarkers and socioeconomic indicators. The sterols were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Total fecal sterol concentrations ranged between 2.50 2.50 and 39.03 μg g-1 and coprostanol, between 0.23 and 6.97 μg g-1. Mangroves located in less urbanized regions presented low coprostanol levels and low coprostanol/cholesterol and (5β/5β + 5α) stanol ratios in sediment, while urban mangrove forests presented moderate fecal contamination. In the latter, an intense contribution of untreated domestic effluents associated to metropolitan areas was noted, leading to a significant correlation between coprostanol concentrations and inadequate sanitation, reflecting environmental problems associated to disorderly urbanization processes coupled to the absence of an adequate urban infrastructure. However, even in metropolitan areas, fecal sterol levels did not reach those of highly contaminated regions, probably due to the intense and accelerated degradation process typical of tropical environments.

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