4%) from those with a sharp nozzle geometry ( = 0.005). Adjusting the instillation angle of eyedrop solutions to 90°, as well as using a nozzle geometry that prevents flow of the solution to the side of the bottle, significantly reduced contamination rates. Standardizing drop bottles and adjusting delivery angle shows promise in reducing contamination rates and may critically impact the quality of care for patients requiring topical therapeutic agents.Standardizing drop bottles and adjusting delivery angle shows promise in reducing contamination rates and may critically impact the quality of care for patients requiring topical therapeutic agents. To investigate the relationship between choriocapillaris (CC) flow void (FV) percentage and geographic atrophy (GA) growth rate, and study how variations in FV percentage surrounding GA predict regional GA growth. This prospective, longitudinal study enrolled subjects with GA secondary to nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. Optical coherence tomography angiography imaged the CC and FV percentage was evaluated using a validated algorithm. GA growth rate was measured as the difference in the square root of GA area divided by the months between baseline and follow-up imaging. Twelve eyes from 7 subjects with a mean age of 80 ± 5 years (range 74-86) were studied once at baseline and 7 to 16 months later. GA expansion rate was positively correlated with increased CC FV percentage (Spearman rank correlation coefficient = 0.69 [ = 0.038] and 0.76 [ = 0.013]) within the 6 x 6 mm scanned macular region and the 2° margin surrounding each GA lesion, respectively. Regions with CC FV at baseline located within 480 µm from the GA margin showed 33% greater chance of becoming atrophic compared with regions within 480 µm from the GA margin that did not show CC FV at baseline. GA expansion rate and CC FV density throughout the macular region and surrounding the GA margin were significantly correlated. The regional magnitude of FV immediately surrounding GA was associated with GA growth into that region. CC FV analysis may facilitate prediction of GA growth over time for patients with advanced nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration.CC FV analysis may facilitate prediction of GA growth over time for patients with advanced nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration. Short-term improvements in retinal anatomy are known to occur in preclinical models of photoreceptor transplantation. However, correlative changes over the long term are poorly understood. We aimed to develop a quantifiable imaging biomarker grading scheme, using noninvasive multimodal confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) imaging, to enable serial evaluation of photoreceptor transplantation over the long term. Photoreceptor cell suspensions or sheets from rhodopsin-green fluorescent protein mice were transplanted subretinally, into either or mice. Multimodal cSLO imaging was performed serially for up to three months after transplantation. Imaging biomarkers were scored, and a grade was defined for each eye by integrating the scores. Image grades were correlated with immunohistochemistry (IHC) data. Multimodal imaging enabled the extraction of quantitative imaging biomarkers including graft size, GFP intensity, graft length, on-target graft placement, intra-graft lamination, hemorrhage, refiable biomarkers, non-invasive multimodal imaging improves the efficiency of retinal transplantation studies in animal models. Such assays will facilitate the development of cell therapy for retinal diseases. Compare depth-resolved biomechanical properties in normal and keratoconic corneas in live human subjects using optical coherence elastography (OCE). In a prospective series of normal and keratoconus (KC) eyes, a corneal perturbation was applied by a custom swept-source OCE system using a transparent flat lens coupled to force transducers. Cross-correlation was applied to track frame-by-frame OCT speckle displacement. Regional displacements for the anterior and posterior stroma were plotted in force versus displacement ( ) graphs. A spatial biomechanical property ratio ( ) was defined by dividing the maximum total displacement by the maximum force for the anterior ( ) and posterior cornea ( and was compared between normal and KC groups with the Mann-Whitney test. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) for differentiating normal and KC eyes was calculated for , k , and thinnest point of corneal thickness (TPCT). Thirty-six eyes were analyzed (21 eyes of 12 normal subjects and 15 KC eyes of 12 subjects). The for the normal group was 1.135 ± 0.07 (mean ± standard deviation) and 1.02 ± 0.08 for the KC group ( < 0.001), indicating a relative deficit in anterior stromal stiffness in KC eyes. AUROC was 0.91 for / , 0.95 for k , and 1 for TPCT. Significant differences in depth-dependent corneal biomechanical properties were observed between normal and KC subjects. OCE was applied for the first time to human KC subjects and revealed alterations in the normal anterior-to-posterior stromal stiffness gradient, a novel and clinically accessible disease biomarker.OCE was applied for the first time to human KC subjects and revealed alterations in the normal anterior-to-posterior stromal stiffness gradient, a novel and clinically accessible disease biomarker. Evaluate efficiency, precision, and validity of RetCAT, which comprises ten diabetic retinopathy (DR) quality of life (QoL) computerized adaptive tests (CATs). In this cross-sectional clinical study, 183 English and/or Mandarin-speaking participants with DR (mean age ± standard deviation [SD] 56.4 ± 11.9 years; 38% proliferative DR [worse eye]) were recruited from retinal clinics in Singapore. Participants answered the RetCAT tests (Symptoms, Activity Limitation, Mobility, Emotional, Health Concerns, Social, Convenience, Economic, Driving, and Lighting), which were capped at seven items each, and other questionnaires, and underwent eye tests. Compound Library clinical trial Our primary evaluation focused on RetCAT efficiency (i.e. standard error of measurement [SEM] ± SD achieved and time needed to complete each CAT). Secondary evaluations included an assessment of RetCAT's test precision and validity. Mean SEM across all RetCAT tests was 0.351, ranging from 0.272 ± 0.130 for Economic to 0.484 ± 0.130 for Emotional. Four tests (Mobility, Social, Convenience, and Driving) had a high level of measurement error.

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