Intense pulsed light (IPL) is becoming a new technical platform for disinfecting food against pathogenic bacteria. Metabolic changes are deemed to occur in bacteria as either the causes or the consequences of IPL-elicited bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects. However, little is known about the influences of IPL on bacterial metabolome. In this study, the IPL treatment was applied to E. coli K-12 for 0-20 s, leading to time- and dose-dependent reductions in colony-forming units (CFU) and morphological changes. Both membrane lipids and cytoplasmic metabolites of the control and IPL-treated E. coli were examined by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic fingerprinting. The results from multivariate modeling and marker identification indicate that the metabolites in electron transport chain (ETC), redox response, glycolysis, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism were selectively affected by the IPL treatments. The time courses and scales of these metabolic changes, together with the biochemical connections among them, revealed a cascade of events that might be initiated by the degradation of quinone electron carriers and then followed by oxidative stress, disruption of intermediary metabolism, nucleotide degradation, and morphological changes. see more Therefore, the degradations of membrane quinones, especially the rapid depletion of menaquinone-8 (MK-8), can be considered as a triggering event in the IPL-elicited metabolic changes in E. coli.Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most critical event in the disease spectrum of coronary artery disease. To rescue cardiomyocytes in AMI, it is important to restore blood supply as soon as possible to reduce ischemia-induced injury. However, worse damage can occur during the reperfusion phase, called the reperfusion injury. Under ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, elevated oxidative stress plays a critical role in regulation of apoptosis, inflammation and remodeling of myocardium. Our previous study has demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-20 is increased during hypoxia/reoxygenation stimulation and promotes apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. This study was, therefore, designed to investigate whether IL-20 antibody could reduce I/R-induced myocardial dysfunction. Results from this study revealed that IL-20 antibody treatment significantly suppressed I/R-induced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, oxidative stress, apoptosis, proinflammatory responses, cardiac fibrosis, and expression of cardiac remodeling markers in Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide level was also reduced by IL-20 antibody injection. IL-20 antibody treatment appeared to restore cardiac function under the I/R injury in terms of greater values of ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared to the control group. Two commonly used indicators of cardiac injury, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB, were also lower in the IL-20 antibody injection group. Taken together, our results suggested that IL-20 antibody holds the potential to reduce the I/R-elicited cardiac dysfunction by preventing cardiac remodeling.Nutritional issues are among the most critical factors in the initial survival of juvenile seahorses. Currently, there is a knowledge gap on the relationship between nutrient assimilation and the effects on initial mortalities and growth. In the present study, the stable isotope approach was used to assess the incorporation of two live preys (Artemia and copepods) in juvenile seahorses Hippocampus guttulatus. The changes in stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values were studied through two feeding experiments feeding on Artemia or copepods (experiment 1), and shifting feeding from copepods to Artemia (experiment 2). In experiment 1, after 24-48 h of feeding, juvenile seahorses exhibited small but progressive changes in δ13C values towards those of the corresponding diet, indicating that the assimilation of the food offered was progressively enhanced from days 2-3. Similarly, in experiment 2, a diet shifting from copepods to Artemia caused an increase in δ13C values, reflecting a switch towards the isotopically enriched new diet (Artemia metanauplii). Differences in the assimilation efficiency of preys offered are discussed based on growth and survival rates. The enhanced growth performances and survivals achieved when the juveniles were fed on copepods could be related to higher efficient assimilation of copepods compared to Artemia. The present study demonstrates that the consumption and further assimilation of preys by juvenile seahorses could be traced using stable carbon isotopes. The research on nutrient assimilation of juvenile seahorses should enhance our knowledge on nutrient processes in developing seahorses for a better understanding of initial ontogeny in the early life stages of the species.In this study, endophytic bacteria belonging to the Bacillus genus were isolated from in vitro bulblets of Leucojum aestivum and their ability to produce Amaryllidaceae alkaloids was studied. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics combined with multivariate data analysis was chosen to compare the metabolism of this plant (in vivo bulbs, in vitro bulblets) with those of the endophytic bacteria community. Primary metabolites were quantified by quantitative 1H NMR (qNMR) method. The results showed that tyrosine, one precursor of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthesis pathway, was higher in endophytic extract compared to plant extract. In total, 22 compounds were identified including five molecules common to plant and endophyte extracts (tyrosine, isoleucine, valine, fatty acids and tyramine). In addition, endophytic extracts were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for the identification of compounds in very low concentrations. Five Amaryllidaceae alkaloids were detected in the extracts of endophytic bacteria. Lycorine, previously detected by 1H NMR, was confirmed with LC-MS analysis. Tazettine, pseudolycorine, acetylpseudolycorine, 1,2-dihydro-chlidanthine were also identified by LC-MS using the positive ionization mode or by GC-MS. In addition, 11 primary metabolites were identified in the endophytic extracts such as tyramine, which was obtained by decarboxylation of tyrosine. Thus, Bacillus sp. isolated from L. aestivum bulblets synthesized some primary and specialized metabolites in common with the L.aestivum plant. These endophytic bacteria are an interesting new approach for producing the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid such as lycorine.