To evaluate the morphology and course of the splenic artery, which might impact the surgical implantation of systems that stimulate the nerves surrounding the splenic artery. Experimental studies indicate that these nerves play an important part in immune modulation, and might be a potential target in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This retrospective cohort study made use of contrast-enhanced CT images from 40 male and 40 female patients (age 30-69) that underwent a CT examination of the aorta, kidneys or pancreas. Anatomic features were described including total splenic artery length, calibers, tortuosity, the presence of arterial loops and the branching pattern of the splenic artery. No age-gender-related differences could be found related to tortuosity or branching pattern. The length of splenic artery in contact with pancreatic tissue decreased with increasing age, but was not different between genders. selleckchem Artery diameters were wider in male compared to female subjects. Loops of variable directions, that represent a part of the artery that curls out of the pancreatic tissue, were identified in each age-gender category and were present in nearly all subjects (86%). This study suggests that although some anatomic features of the splenic artery are subject to factors as age and gender, the tortuosity of the splenic artery is not age dependent. Most subjects had one or multiple loops, which can serve as a target for neuromodulatory devices. Future studies should investigate whether splenic nerve stimulation is safe and feasible.This study suggests that although some anatomic features of the splenic artery are subject to factors as age and gender, the tortuosity of the splenic artery is not age dependent. Most subjects had one or multiple loops, which can serve as a target for neuromodulatory devices. Future studies should investigate whether splenic nerve stimulation is safe and feasible.Concomitant valgus deformities of the ankle joint are found in approximately 3% of patients with symptomatic flat foot deformities. Conservative treatment is mostly successful only in the short term or in low-demand patients. The operative treatment of flat foot deformities follows the standard algorithm for flat foot treatment. The ankle joint can be treated while retaining mobility or by arthrodesis depending on the degree and rigidity of the deformity, degenerative changes, patient factors and expectations. Achieving an orthograde hindfoot and midfoot is obligatory for successful treatment as well as in ankle reconstructive or arthrodesis procedures.The present study is intended to investigate the usability of shear wave elastography (SWE) in predicting the success of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) used in kidney stone treatment. ESWL was performed on a total number of 52 patients diagnosed with kidney stones between May 2019 and July 2020. The presence of a residual stone greater than 4 mm was accepted as failure. The patients were divided into two groups as ESWL success and ESWL failure. SWE and Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements of stones were performed in all patients before ESWL. The two groups were compared in terms of age, gender, stone localisation, stone size, body mass index (BMI), skin-to-stone distance, HU, and SWE values of the stones. ESWL was successful in 30 of the 52 patients included in the study, while it failed in 22 of them. While the mean SWE value was 7.3 (7.9 ± 2.2) kPa in patients with success in ESWL, it was 14.6 (17.9 ± 10.2) kPa in those with failed ESWL. The mean HU was 883.5 (841.4 ± 191.1) in patients with success in ESWL and 1078 (1115.5 ± 183) in those with failed ESWL. Both SWE and HU values of the stones were found to be statistically significantly lower in the successful group (p 0.05). With SWE, the hardness of the stone can be measured and its suitability for ESWL can be evaluated. It can be used as an alternative parameter to HU before ESWL treatment, since it has a lower cost compared to computed tomography (CT) and does not contain radiation. To investigate morphological differences between two types of Bruch's membrane (BM) defects-patchy atrophy (PA) and CNV-related macular atrophy (CNV-MA) METHODS Eyes presenting with PA or CNV-MA were included. Scleral thickness (ST), choroidal thickness (CT), and scleral morphological characteristics were obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Fundus photographs were performed to measure the size of PA and CNV-MA lesions. Among a total of 167 eyes evaluated, 106 eyes had PA and 61 eyes had CNV-MA. In addition, dome-shaped macula (DSM) was identified in 20 (18.87%) and 10 (16.39%) eyes among PA and CNV-MA, respectively. The eyes of CNV-MA without DSM showed a thicker subfoveal ST (278.61 ± 56.17 vs 231.58 ± 66.09 mm, P < 0.001), a thinner subfoveal CT, and a higher rate of scleral perforating vessels (70.6% vs 50.0%, P = 0.021) when compared with those of PA without DSM. The size of PA/CNV-MA lesions was associated with CT in eyes without DSM. However, it was only associated with bulge height in eyes with DSM (r = 0.5, P = 0.013). The eyes with CNV-MA had a thicker sclera than those with PA, which add another evidence to indicate the absence of the progressive relationship between two types of BM defects. The enlargement of lesions in BM defects between eyes with and without DSM may be caused by different mechanical forces. SS-OCT, which focuses on scleral and choroid morphology, may be necessary for more accurate classification of pathologic myopia.The eyes with CNV-MA had a thicker sclera than those with PA, which add another evidence to indicate the absence of the progressive relationship between two types of BM defects. The enlargement of lesions in BM defects between eyes with and without DSM may be caused by different mechanical forces. SS-OCT, which focuses on scleral and choroid morphology, may be necessary for more accurate classification of pathologic myopia. Resident Aesthetic Clinics (RACs) are an important element for training in plastic surgery residency programs. RACs provide increased exposure to aesthetic surgery as well as greater autonomy in clinical decision making. In an effort to increase RAC volume and thereby enhance resident education, we made two important changes to our operations. First, we reduced the resident surgeons' fees by 75%, and second, we began utilizing social media to promote our residency program and their involvement in aesthetic surgery. Total RAC cases were queried using a RAC specific billing code and individual chief resident case logs for quality control. To generate an accurate timeframe, cases and procedures were compared from 18 months before and after the implemented changes. We found that the number of cases and procedures increased by 135% and 255%, respectively. The five most commonly performed procedures were liposuction, augmentation mammoplasty, abdominoplasty, mastopexy, and rhytidectomy. By both reducing the resident surgeons' fee and promoting the RAC on social media, we have demonstrated a pronounced increase in both cases and procedures performed by residents.

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